Transmitter and repetition method thereof

ABSTRACT

A transmitter is provided. The transmitter includes at least one processor configured to implement: a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder which encodes input bits to generate an LDPC codeword including the input bits and parity bits; a puncturer which calculates a number of bits to be punctured in the parity bits and punctures the parity bits based on the calculated number of bits; and a repeater which selects at least a part of bits of the LDPC codeword based on a repetition pattern, and repeats the selected bits after the parity bits, wherein the repetition pattern is a pattern for selecting at least one bit group including the selected bits among a plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO THE RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Applications 62/106,308 and 62/113,025 filed on Jan. 22, 2015 and Feb. 6, 2015, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2016-0008221, filed on Jan. 22, 2016, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, respectively, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

Apparatuses and methods consistent with exemplary embodiments of the inventive concept relate to a transmitter and a repetition method thereof, and more particularly, to a transmitter processing and transmitting input bits and a method of repeating bits to be transmitted by the transmitter.

2. Description of the Related Art

Broadcast communication services in information oriented society of the 21^(st) century are entering an era of digitalization, multi-channelization, bandwidth broadening, and high quality. In particular, as a high definition digital television (TV), a personal media player (PMP), and portable broadcasting devices are widespread, digital broadcasting services have an increased demand for supporting improved transmitting and receiving schemes.

Therefore, a method for providing better signal transmission and reception services satisfying user's needs has been required.

SUMMARY

Exemplary embodiments of the inventive concept may overcome disadvantages of the related art apparatuses and methods. However, the exemplary embodiments are not required to overcome such disadvantages, and may not overcome any of the disadvantages.

The exemplary embodiments provide a transmitter and a signal repetition method thereof capable of selecting at least some bits of a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codeword using a specific pattern and transmitting repeatedly the selected some bits.

According to an aspect an exemplary embodiment, there is provided a transmitter which may include: a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder which encodes input bits to generate an LDPC codeword including the input bits and parity bits; a puncturer which calculates a number of bits to be punctured in the parity bits and punctures the parity bits based on the calculated number of bits; and a repeater which selects at least a part of bits of the LDPC codeword based on a repetition pattern, and repeats the selected bits after the parity bits, wherein the repetition pattern is a pattern for selecting at least one bit group including the selected bits among a plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword.

The puncturer may puncture the parity bits as many as the calculated number N_(punc) of bits to be punctured in the parity bits when the calculated number N_(punc) of bits to be punctured is a positive integer and does not perform the puncturing when the calculated number N_(punc) of bits to be punctured is a negative integer.

The repeater may determine −N_(punc) bits as the number of bits to be repeated when the N_(punc) is a negative integer, and selects bits as many as the determined number from the LDPC codeword as the bits to be repeated in the LDPC codeword.

The repeater may calculate the a number N_(rep) of bit groups, of which all bits are to be repeated, from among the plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword based on Equation 4.

The repetition pattern may be defined by Table 1.

The repeater may select bits included in a π_(R)(0)-th bit group, a π_(R)(1)-th bit group, . . . , a π_(R)(N_(rep)−1)-th bit group among the plurality of bit groups as at least a part of the bits to be repeated, based on the repetition pattern.

The repeater may select N_(repeat)−360×N_(rep) bits from a first bit of the π_(R)(N_(rep))-th bit group as another part of the bits to be repeated.

According to an aspect another exemplary embodiment, there is provided a repetition method of a transmitter. The method may include: encoding input bits to generate an LDPC codeword including the input bits and parity bits; calculating a number of bits to be punctured in the parity bits and punctures the parity bits based on the calculated number of bits; and at least a part of bits of the LDPC codeword based on a repetition pattern, and repeating the selected bits after the parity bits, wherein the repetition pattern is a pattern for selecting at least one bit group including the selected bits among a plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword.

In the puncturing, when the calculated number N_(punc) of bits to be punctured is a positive integer, the parity bits as many as the calculated number N_(punc) of bits to be punctured may be punctured, and when the calculated number N_(punc) of bits to be punctured is a negative integer, the puncturing may not be performed.

In the repeating, when the N_(punc) is negative integer, −N_(punc) bits may be determined as the number of bits to be repeated, and bits as many as the determined number may be selected from the LDPC codeword as the bits to be repeated in the LDPC codeword.

In repeating, a number N_(rep) of bit groups, of which all bits are to be repeated, from among the plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword is calculated based on Equation 4.

The repetition pattern may be defined by Table 1.

In the repeating, bits included in a π_(R)(0)-th bit group, a π_(R)(1)-th bit group, . . . , a π_(R)(N_(rep) ⁻¹)-th bit group among the plurality of bit groups may be selected as at least a part of the bits to be repeated, based on the repetition pattern.

In the repeating, N_(repeat)−360×N_(rep) bits from a first bit of the π_(R)(N_(rep))-th bit group may be selected as another part of the bits to be repeated.

As described above, according to various exemplary embodiments, some of bits in an LDPC codeword may be additionally transmitted to improve a decoding performance of a receiver.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and/or other aspects of the inventive concept will be more apparent by describing certain exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram for describing a configuration of a transmitter according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a diagram for describing a frame structure according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIGS. 3 and 4 are block diagrams for describing a detailed configuration of a transmitter according to exemplary embodiments;

FIGS. 5 to 9 are diagrams for describing a method for processing signaling according to exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 10 is a block diagram for describing a configuration of a transmitter according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 11 is a block diagram for describing a configuration of an interleaver according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIGS. 12 to 19 are diagrams for describing an interleaving method according to exemplary embodiments;

FIGS. 20 to 24 are block diagrams for describing a configuration of a block interleaver according to various exemplary embodiments;

FIGS. 25 to 27 are block diagrams for describing a configuration of a receiver according to exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 28 is a block diagram for describing a configuration of a deinterleaver according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIGS. 29 to 33 are block diagrams for describing a configuration of a block deinterleaver according to exemplary embodiments; and

FIG. 34 is a flow chart for describing a repetition method according to an exemplary embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

A transmitter according to an exemplary embodiment may transmit data (for example, broadcasting data) and L1 signaling required for processing the data to a receiver.

For this purpose, the transmitter according to the exemplary embodiment may include components for the data and the L1 signaling. Hereinafter, a method for processing the data and the L1 signaling will be described in more detail.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram for describing a configuration of a transmitter according to an exemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 1, a transmitter 1000 includes a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder 110, a puncturer 120, a repeater 130, and a constellation mapper 140.

The LDPC encoder 110 may encode input bits. In other words, the LDPC encoder 110 may perform LDPC encoding on the input bits to generate parity bits, that is, LDPC parity bits.

Here, the input bits are LDPC information bits for the LDPC encoding and may include outer-encoded bits and zero bits (that is, bits having a 0 value), in which the outer-encoded bits include information bits and parity bits (or parity check bits) generated by outer-encoding the information bits.

The information bits may be the L1 signaling. For example, the information bits may include information required to process other L1 signaling or data transmitted from the transmitter 1000.

The outer encoding is performed before inner coding in a concatenated coding operation, and may use various encoding schemes such as Bose, Chaudhuri, Hocquenghem (BCH) encoding and/or cyclic redundancy check (CRC) encoding. In this case, the LDPC encoding may be the inner encoding.

For LDPC encoding, a specific number of LDPC information bits depending on a code rate and a code length are required. Therefore, when the number of outer-encoded bits generated by outer-encoding the information bits is less than the required number of LDPC information bits, an appropriate number of zero bits are padded to meet the required number of LDPC information bits for the LDPC encoding. Therefore, the outer-encoded bits and the padded zero bits may configure the LDPC information bits as many as the number of bits required for the LDPC encoding.

Meanwhile, since the padded zero bits are bits required only to meet the specific number of bits for the LDPC encoding, the padded zero bits are LDPC-encoded and then are not transmitted to a receiver 2000 (FIGS. 25-27). As such, a procedure of padding zero bits or a procedure of padding zero bits, and then, not transmitting the padded zero bits to the receiver 2000 may be called shortening. In this case, the padded zero bits may be called shortening bits (or shortened bits).

For example, it is assumed that the number of information bits is K_(sig) and the number of bits when M_(outer) parity bits are added to the information bits by the outer encoding, that is, the number of outer-encoded bits including the information bits and the parity bits is N_(outer) (=K_(sig)+M_(outer)).

In this case, when the number N_(outer) of outer-encoded bits is less than the number K_(ldpc) of LDPC information bits, K_(ldpc)−N_(outer) number of zero bits are padded so that the outer-encoded bits and the padded zero bits may configure the LDPC information bits together.

Meanwhile, the foregoing example describes that zero bits are padded, which is only one example.

When the information bits are formed of just signaling for data or a service data, a length of the information bits may vary depending on the amount of the data. Therefore, when the number of information bits is greater than the number of LDPC information bits required for the LDPC encoding, the information bits may be segmented below a specific value.

Therefore, when the number of information bits or the number of segmented information bits is less than a number obtained by subtracting the number of parity bits generated by the outer encoding from the number of LDPC information bits, zero bits are padded as many as the number obtained by subtracting the number of outer-encoded bits from the number of LDPC information bits, such that the LDPC information bits may be formed of the outer-encoded bits and the padded zero bits.

However, when the number of information bits or the number of segmented information bits are equal to the number obtained by subtracting the number of parity bits generated by the outer encoding from the number of LDPC information bits, the LDPC information bits may be formed of the outer-encoded bits without the padded zero bits.

Further, the foregoing example describes that the information bits are outer-encoded, which is only one example. However, the information bits may not be outer-encoded and configure the LDPC information bits along with the zero bits padded depending on the number of information bits or only the information bits may configure the LDPC information bits without separately padding.

Meanwhile, for convenience of explanation, the outer encoding will be described below under the assumption that it is performed by the BCH encoding.

Specifically, the input bits will be described under the assumption that they include BCH encoded bits and zero bits, the BCH encoded bits including the information bits and BCH parity-check bits (or BCH parity bits) generated by BCH-encoding the information bits.

That is, it is assumed that the number of information bits is K_(sig) and the number of bits when M_(outer) BCH parity check bits by the BCH encoding are added to the information bits, that is, the number of BCH encoded bits including the information bits and the BCH parity check bits is N_(outer)(=K_(sig)+M_(outer)). Here, M_(outer)=168.

Further, the foregoing example describes that zero bits, which will be shortened, are padded, which is only one example. That is, since zero bits are bits having a value preset by the transmitter 1000 and the receiver 2000 and padded only to form LDPC information bits along with information bits including information to be substantially transmitted to the receiver 2000, bits having another value (for example, 1) preset by the transmitter 1000 and the receiver 2000 instead of zero bits may be padded for the shortening.

The LDPC encoder 110 may systematically encode the LDPC information bits to generate LDPC parity bits, and output an LDPC codeword (or LDPC-encoded bits) formed of the LDPC information bits and the LDPC parity bits. That is, an LDPC code is a systematic code, and therefore, the LDPC codeword may be formed of the LDPC information bits before being LDPC-encoded and the LDPC parity bits generated by the LDPC encoding.

For example, the LDPC encoder 110 may LDPC-encode K_(ldpc) LDPC information bits i=(i₀, i₁, . . . i_(K) _(ldpc) ⁻¹) to generate N_(ldpc) _(_) _(parity) LDPC parity bits (p₀, p₁, . . . , p_(N) _(idpc) _(−K) _(ldpc) ⁻¹) and output an LDPC codeword Λ=(c₀, c₁, . . . , c_(N) _(inner) ⁻¹)=(i₀, i₁, . . . , i_(K) _(ldpc) ⁻¹, p₀, p₁, . . . , p_(N) _(inner) _(−K) _(ldpc) ⁻¹) formed of N_(inner) (=K_(ldpc)+N_(ldpc) _(_) _(parity)) bits.

In this case, the LDPC encoder 110 may perform LDPC encoding on the input bits (i.e., LDPC information bits) at various code rates to generate an LDPC codeword having a predetermined length.

For example, the LDPC encoder 110 may perform the LDPC encoding at various code rates such as 2/15, 3/15, 4/15, 5/15, 6/15, 7/15, 8/15, 9/15, 10/15, 11/15, 12/15, and 13/15 to generate the LDPC codeword formed of 16200 bits.

In this case, the number of input bits may have various values according to the code rates.

For example, the LDPC encoder 110 may perform the LDPC encoding on 3240 input bits at a code rate of 3/15 to generate an LDPC codeword formed of 16200 bits and the LDPC encoding on 6480 input bits at a code rate of 6/15 to generate an LDPC codeword formed of 16200 bits.

A code rate and a code length at which the input bits are LDPC-encoded may be preset.

As described above, the LDPC encoder 110 may encode the input bits at various code rates to generate the LDPC codeword formed of the input bits and the LDPC parity bits.

The puncturer 120 punctures at least some of the LDPC parity bits.

Here, puncturing means that the at least some of the LDPC parity bits are not transmitted to a receiver (not shown).

Therefore, when performing the puncturing, the puncturer 120 may remove the punctured LDPC parity bits or output only the remaining bits other than the punctured LDPC parity bits in the LDPC codeword.

Specifically, the puncturer 120 calculates the number (that is, N_(punc)) of bits to be punctured in the parity bits, and performs puncturing on the parity bits based on the calculated number of bits.

That is, when the calculated number of bits to be punctured is a positive integer, the puncturer 120 may puncture bits as many as the calculated number in the parity bits, and when the calculated number of bits to be punctured is a negative integer, the puncturer may not perform puncturing.

For this purpose, the puncturer 120 may calculate the number of LDPC parity bits to be punctured.

First, the puncturer 120 may calculate a temporary number of LDPC parity bits to be punctured based on following Equation 1. N _(punc) _(_) _(temp) =└A×(K _(ldpc) −N _(outer))┘+B   (1)

In above Equation 1, N_(punc) _(_) _(temp) represents the temporary number of LDPC parity bits to be punctured, and K_(ldpc) represents the number of LDPC information bits. Further, N_(outer) represents the number of outer-encoded bits. Here, when the outer encoding is performed by the BCH encoding, the N_(outer) represents the number of BCH encoded bits.

Further, A means a ratio of the number of LDPC parity bits to be punctured to the number of zero bits to be shortened, and B means a length of bits to be punctured even when a shortening length is 0. The A and B values may be preset in a system including the transmitter 1000 and the receiver 2000.

Further, the puncturer 120 calculates N_(FEC), the number of LDPC codeword bits after puncturing, based on following Equation 2.

$\begin{matrix} {N_{FEC} = {\left\lceil \frac{N_{{FEC}_{—}{temp}}}{\eta_{MOD}} \right\rceil \times \eta_{MOD}}} & (2) \end{matrix}$

In above Equation 2, N_(FEC)=N_(outer)+N_(ldpc) _(_) _(parity)−N_(punc) _(_) _(temp).

Further, N_(FEC) _(_) _(temp)=N_(outer)+N_(ldpc) _(_) _(parity)−N_(punc) _(_) _(temp) and η_(MOD) is a modulation order. For example, when an LDPC codeword is modulated by QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, or 256-QAM, η_(MOD) may be 2, 4, 6 or 8, respectively. As a result, the N_(FEC) may be an integer multiple of the modulation order.

Next, the puncturer 120 calculates N_(punc) based on following Equation 3. N _(punc) =N _(Punc) _(_) _(temp)−(N _(FEC) −N _(FEC) _(_) _(temp))   (3)

In above Equation 3, N_(punc) represents the number of LDPC parity bits to be punctured.

Further, the puncturer 120 may perform the puncturing on the LDPC parity bits based on the calculated number of LDPC parity bits to be punctured.

Specifically, when the calculated number N_(punc) of LDPC parity bits to be punctured is a positive integer, the puncturer 120 may puncture N_(punc) bits at a back portion of the LDPC parity bits. That is, the puncturer 120 may puncture the N_(punc) bits from a last LDPC parity bit, remove and output the punctured N_(punc) bits from the LDPC codeword, or output the remaining bits other than the punctured N_(punc) bits from the LDPC codeword.

However, when the calculated number N_(punc) of LDPC parity bits to be punctured is a negative integer, the puncturer 120 may not perform puncturing but output the LDPC codeword which is not subjected to puncturing.

The repeater 130 selects at least some bits from the LDPC codeword including the input bits and the parity bits based on a repetition pattern and adds the selected some bits after the parity bits.

Here, adding represents attaching the selected bits after the LDPC parity bits so that the bits are repeated. These bits selected and attached after the LDPC parity bits are referred to as “repetition bits” or “repeated bits.”

That is, the repeater 130 selects at least some bits of the LDPC codeword so that the at least some bits of the LDPC codeword are transmitted while being repeated in a current frame, thereby repeating the selected bits in the LDPC codeword.

Specifically, the repeater 130 may select a specific number of bits from the LDPC codeword and add the selected bits after the LDPC parity bits. Therefore, the selected bits may be repeated after the LDPC parity bits.

Therefore, since the specific number of bits are repeated within the LDPC codeword, and thus, these repeated bits are additionally transmitted to the receiver 2000, the foregoing operation may be called repetition.

For this purpose, the repeater 130 may calculate the number of bits to be repeated in the LDPC codeword.

Specifically, when the N_(punc) is a negative integer, the repeater 130 may determine −N_(punc) bits as the number (that is, N_(repeat)) of repetition bits, and select as many as the determined number of bits from the LDPC codeword.

As such, when the calculated number of bits to be punctured is a negative integer, the repetition may be performed. However, when the calculated number of bits to be punctured is a positive integer, the repetition may be omitted.

Meanwhile, a method for selecting, by the repeater 130, N_(repeat) bits to be repeated from an LDPC codeword is as follows.

First, the repeater 130 may divide the LDPC codeword into a plurality of bit groups.

Specifically, the repeater 130 may divide the LDPC codeword into the plurality of bit groups such that the number of bits included in each bit group is 360.

For example, when the LDPC codeword is formed of 16200 bits, the repeater 130 may divide the LDPC codeword into 45 (16200/360) bit groups, and when the LDPC codeword is formed of 64800 bits, the repeater 130 may divide the LDPC codeword into 180 (=64800/360) bit groups.

Further, the repeater 130 may calculate the number N_(rep) of bit groups of which all bits are to be repeated among the plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword, based on following Equation 4.

$\begin{matrix} {N_{rep} = \left\lfloor \frac{N_{repeat}}{360} \right\rfloor} & (4) \end{matrix}$

In above Equation 4, N_(repeat) is the number of repetition bits and N_(repeat)=−N_(punc).

The repeater 130 may determine a bit group in which all bits included therein are to be repeated, based on a repetition pattern.

Here, the repetition pattern is a pattern for selecting a bit group to be repeated among the plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword and may be defined as following Table 1, for example.

TABLE 1 π_(R)(j) π_(R)(0) π_(R)(1) π_(R)(2) π_(R)(3) π_(R)(4) π_(R)(5) π_(R)(6) π_(R)(7) π_(R)(8) π_(R)(9) π_(R)(10) π_(R)(11) π_(R)(12) π_(R)(13) π_(R)(14) π_(R)(15) π_(R)(16) π_(R)(17) π_(R)(18) π_(R)(19) π_(R)(20) π_(R)(21) . . . 5 6 0 1 3 7  8  2 10 9 11  0 1 2 3 22 31 15 4 5 6 7 . . .

Here, π_(s)(j) represents a repetition pattern order of a j-th bit group.

Specifically, the repeater 130 may determine a π_(R)(0)-th bit group, a π_(R)(1)-th bit group, . . . , a π_(R)(N_(rep)−1)-th bit group among the plurality of bit groups as bit groups of which all bits are to be repeated, based on the repetition pattern. Further, the repeater 130 may select all bits included in the π_(R)(0)-th bit group, the π_(R)(1)-th bit group, . . . , the π_(R)(N_(rep)−1)-th bit group as bits to be repeated.

Further, the repeater 130 may additionally select bits to be repeated based on the repetition pattern.

Specifically, the repeater 130 may additionally select N_(repeat)−360×N_(rep) bits from a first bit of the π_(R)(N_(rep))-th bit group as additional repetition bits.

Further, the repeater 130 may add the bits selected as the repetition bits after the LDPC parity bits.

Specifically, the repeater 130 may add all bits included in the π_(R)(0)-th bit group, the π_(R)(1)-th bit group, . . . , the π_(R)(N_(rep)−1)-th bit group after the LDPC parity bits, and also, add the N_(repeat)−360×N_(rep) bits from the first bit of the π_(R)(N_(rep))-th bit group. Here, all bits included in the π_(R)(0)-th bit group, the π_(R)(1)-th bit group, . . . , the π_(R)(N_(rep)−1)-th bit group may be added to the LDPC codeword before the N_(repeat)−360×N_(rep) bits from the first bit of the π_(R)(N_(rep))-th bit group are added to the LDPC codeword, or vice versa.

As a result, the repeated LDPC codeword may be configured of LDPC information bits, LDPC parity bits, a π_(R)(0)-th bit group, a π_(R)(1)-th bit group, . . . , a π_(R)(N_(rep)−1)-th bit group, and N_(repeat)−360×N_(rep) bits from first bits of a π_(R)(N_(rep))-th bit group in order.

Hereinafter, a method for selecting the bits to be repeated, for example, when K_(ldpc)=3240, N_(inner)=16200, N_(repeat)=3000 and the repetition pattern is defined as above Table 1 will be described in detail.

In this case, since the LDPC codeword may be divided into 45 (=16200/360) bit groups, a 0-th bit group to a 8-th bit group correspond to the LDPC information bits and a 9-th bit group to a 44-th bit group correspond to the LDPC parity bits.

First, the repeater 130 may calculate the number of bit groups in which all bits are to be repeated as

$8 = {N_{rep} = {\left\lfloor \frac{3000}{360} \right\rfloor.}}$

Further, the repeater 130 may determine a fifth bit group (=π_(R)(0)-th bit group), a sixth bit group (=π_(R)(1)-th bit group), . . . , a second bit group (=π_(R)(7)-th bit group) as bit groups in which all bits are to be repeated based on the repetition pattern, and select all bits included in each of these bit groups as the repetition bits.

Further, the repeater 130 may additionally select 120 (=3000−360×8) bits at a front portion of a tenth bit group (=π_(R)(8)-th bit group) as additional repetition bits based on the repetition pattern. Therefore, a first bit to a 120-th bit in the tenth bit group may be additionally selected.

Next, the repeater 130 may add the bits selected as the repetition bits after the LDPC parity bits.

That is, the repeater 130 may add the bits included in the fifth bit group (=π_(R)(0)-th bit group), the sixth bit group (=π_(R)(1)-th bit group), . . . , the second bit group (=π_(R)(7)-the bit group) after the LDPC parity bits and add the first bit to the 120-th bit of the tenth bit group (π_(R)(8)-the bit group) after the added second bit group (=π_(R)(7)-the bit group).

Meanwhile, above Table 1 is only an example of the repetition pattern, and according to other exemplary embodiments, the repetition pattern may be defined variously.

For example, in above Table 1, although the repetition pattern is defined as π_(R)(0)=5, π_(R)(1)=6, . . . but the repeater 130 may also select repetition bits based on a repetition pattern defined as π_(R)(0)=0, π_(R)(1)=1, . . . . However, this is only an example, and the repetition pattern may be defined variously.

Further, in the repetition pattern as above Table 1, repetition bits are selected from different bit groups. However, this is only one example, and the repeater 130 may select repetition bits based on a repetition pattern by which repetition bits are selected from at least two same bit groups.

For example, the repeater 130 may also select the repetition bits based on a repetition pattern defined as π_(R)(0)=1, π_(R)(1)=0, . . . .

The constellation mapper 140 may map the LDPC codeword to constellation points.

For example, the constellation mapper 140 may map the repeated and punctured LDPC codeword bits to the constellation points.

Specifically, when the puncturing is performed on the LDPC parity bits depending on the calculated number of punctured bits, the repetition is not performed. In this case, the constellation mapper 140 may modulate the remaining LDPC codeword bits other than the punctured LDPC codeword, that is, the punctured bits by various modulation schemes such as QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, and 256-QAM and map the modulated bits to the constellation points.

However, when the puncturing is not performed on the LDPC parity bits depending on the calculated number of punctured bits, the repetition is performed. In this case, the constellation mapper 140 may modulate the repeated LDPC codeword, that is, the LDPC codeword bits to which the repeated bits are added by various modulation schemes such as QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, and 256-QAM and map the modulated LDPC codeword bits to the constellation points.

In this case, the scheme of modulating LDPC codeword bits may be established in advance.

In these cases, the transmitter 1000 may map the constellation symbols corresponding to the constellation points to the frame, which may then be transmitted to the receiver 2000.

Meanwhile, as described above, since the information bits are the L1 signaling including signaling information for data, the transmitter 1000 may map the data to the frame along with the signaling for processing the corresponding data and transmit the mapped data to the receiver 2000.

Specifically, the transmitter 1000 may process the data in a specific scheme to generate the constellation symbols and map the generated constellation symbols to data symbols of each frame. Further, the transmitter 1000 may map the L1 signaling for the data mapped to each frame to a preamble of the corresponding frame. For example, the transmitter 1000 may map the L1 signaling including the signaling information for the data mapped to the i-th frame to the i-th frame.

As a result, the receiver 2000 may use the signaling acquired from the frame to acquire and process the data from the corresponding frame.

Meanwhile, according to the exemplary embodiment, the foregoing information bits may be implemented by L1-basic signaling and L1-detail signaling. Therefore, the transmitter 1000 may perform the repetition on the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling by using the foregoing method and transmit them to the receiver 2000.

Here, the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling may be signaling defined in an advanced television system committee (ATSC) 3.0 standard.

Specifically, a mode of processing the L1-basic signaling is divided into 7. The transmitter 1000 according to the exemplary embodiment may perform the repetition according to the foregoing method when an L1-basic mode 1 of the 7 modes processes the L1-basic signaling.

Further, a mode of processing the L1-detail signaling is also divided into 7. The transmitter 1000 according to the exemplary embodiment may perform the repetition according to the foregoing method when an L1-detail mode 1 of the 7 modes processes the L1-detail signaling.

Meanwhile, the transmitter 1000 may process each of the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling with other modes using a specific scheme, in addition to the L1-basic mode 1 and the L1-detail mode 1 and transmit them to the receiver 2000.

Meanwhile, a detailed method for processing the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling will be described below.

The transmitter 1000 may map the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling to the preamble of the frame and map data to the data symbols and transmit them to the receiver 2000.

Referring to FIG. 2, the frame may be configured of three parts, that is, a bootstrap part, a preamble part, and a data part.

The bootstrap part is used for initial synchronization and the receiver 2000 provides a basic parameter for decoding the L1 signaling. Further, the bootstrap part may include information on the mode of processing, by the transmitter 1000, the L1-basic signaling, that is, information on by what mode the transmitter 1000 processes the L1-basic signaling.

The preamble part includes the L1 signaling and may be configured of two parts, that is, the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling.

Here, the L1-basic signaling may include the information on the L1-detail signaling and the L1-detail signaling may include the information on the data (here, data is broadcasting data for providing broadcasting services and may be transmitted through at least one physical layer pipes (PLPs)).

Specifically, the L1-basic signaling includes information (for example, information on a mode of processing, by the transmitter 1000, the L1-detail signaling, that is, information on by what mode the transmitter 1000 processes the L1-detail signaling) required for the transmitter 2000 to process the L1-detail signaling, information on the length of the L1-detail signaling, information on an additional parity mode (that is, information on a K value used to generate, by the transmitter 1000, the additional parity bits using L1B_L1_Detail_additional_parity_mode (here, when the L1B_L1_Detail_additional_parity_mode is set as ‘00’, K=0 and the additional parity bits are not used), and information on a length of total cells). Further, the L1-basic signaling may include basic signaling information of the system such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) size, a guard interval, and a pilot pattern.

Further, the L1-detail signaling includes information (for example, start positions of cells mapped to data symbols for each PLP, PLP ID, a size of the PLP, a modulation scheme, a code rate, etc.) required for the receiver 2000 to decode the PLPs.

Therefore, the receiver 2000 may acquire frame synchronization, acquire the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling from the preamble, and receive broadcasting data required by a user from the data symbols using the L1-detail signaling.

Meanwhile, a method for processing L1-basic signaling and L1-detail signaling will be described below in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIGS. 3 and 4 are block diagrams for describing a detailed configuration of a transmitter according to an exemplary embodiment.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, to process the L1-basic signaling, the transmitter 1000 may include a scrambler 211, a BCH encoder 212, a zero padder 213, an LDPC encoder 214, a parity permutator 215, a puncturer 216, a repeater 216, a zero remover 218, a bit demultiplexer 219, and a constellation mapper 221.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, to process the L1-detail signaling, the transmitter 1000 may include a segmenter 311, a scrambler 312, a BCH encoder 313, a zero padder 314, an LDPC encoder 315, a parity permutator 316, a puncturer 317, a repeater 318, an additional parity generator 319, a zero remover 321, bit demultiplexers 322 and 323, and constellation mappers 324 and 325.

Here, components shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 are components for performing encoding and modulation on the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling, which is only one example. In some cases, some of the components shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 may be omitted or changed and other components may also be added.

Meanwhile, the LDPC encoders 214 and 315, the puncturers 216 and 317, the repeaters 217 and 318, and the constellation mappers 221, 324, and 325 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 may perform the operations performed by the LDPC encoder 110, the puncturer 120, the repeater 130, and the constellation mappers 140 shown in FIG. 1.

Meanwhile, in describing FIGS. 3 and 4, for convenience, components for performing common functions will be described together.

Meanwhile, to provide various robustness level appropriate for a wide SNR range, a protection level of the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling may be divided into 7 modes. That is, the protection level of the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling may be divided into the 7 modes based on the LDPC code, the modulation order, the shortening/puncturing parameters (that is, a ratio of the number of punctured bits to the number of shortened bits), and the number of basically punctured bits (that is, when the number of shortened bits is 0, the number of basically punctured bits). In each mode, at least one different combination of the LDPC code, the modulation order, the constellation, and the shortening/puncturing pattern may be used.

Meanwhile, by what mode the transmitter 1000 processes the signaling may be set in advance depending on the system. Therefore, the transmitter 1000 may determine parameters (for example, modulation and code rate (ModCod) for each mode, parameter for the BCH encoding, parameter for the zero padding, shortening pattern, code rate/code length of the LDPC code, group-wise interleaving pattern, parameter for repetition, parameter for puncturing, and modulation scheme, etc.) for processing the signaling depending on the set mode and may process the signaling based on the determined parameters and transmit the processed signaling to the receiver 2000. For this purpose, the transmitter 1000 may pre-store the parameters for processing the signaling depending on the mode.

Modulation and code rate configurations (ModCod configurations) for the 7 modes for processing the L1-basic signaling and the 7 modes for processing the L1-detail signaling are as following Table 2. The transmitter 1000 may encode and modulate the signaling based on the ModCod configurations defined in following Table 2 depending on the modes. That is, the transmitter 1000 may determine the encoding and modulation scheme for the signaling in each mode based on following Table 2 and may encode and modulate the signaling depending on the determined scheme. In this case, even when modulating the L1 signaling by the same modulation scheme, the transmitter 1000 may also use different constellations.

TABLE 2 Code Signaling FEC Type K_(sig) Length Code Rate Constellation L1-Basic Mode 1 200 16200 3/15 QPSK Mode 2 (Type A) QPSK Mode 3 QPSK Mode 4 NUC_16-QAM Mode 5 NUC_64-QAM Mode 6 NUC_256-QAM Mode 7 NUC_256-QAM L1-Detail Mode 1 400~2352 QPSK Mode 2 400~3072 QPSK Mode 3 400~6312 6/15 QPSK Mode 4 (Type B) NUC_16-QAM Mode 5 NUC_64-QAM Mode 6 NUC_256-QAM Mode 7 NUC_256-QAM

Meanwhile, in above Table 2, K_(sig) represents the number of information bits for a coded block. That is, since the L1 signaling bits having a length of the K_(sig) are encoded to generate the coded block, a length of the L1 signaling in one coded block becomes the K_(sig). Therefore, the L1 signaling bits having the size of the K_(sig) may be considered as corresponding to one LDPC coded block.

Referring to above Table 2, the K_(sig) value for the L1-basic signaling is fixed as 200. However, since the amount of L1-detail signaling bits varies, the K_(sig) value for the L1-detail signaling varies.

Specifically, in the case of the L1-detail signaling, the number of L1-detail signaling bits varies, and therefore when the number of L1-detail signaling bits is larger than the preset value, the L1-detail signaling may be segmented to have a length which is equal to or less than the preset value.

In this case, each size of the segmented L1-detail signaling blocks (that is, segment of the L1-detail signaling) may have the K_(sig) value defined in above Table 2. Further, each of the segmented L1-detail signaling blocks having the size of the K_(sig) may correspond to one LDPC coded block.

However, when the number of L1-detail signaling bits is equal to or less than the preset value, the L1-detail signaling is not segmented. In this case, the size of the L1-detail signaling may have the K_(sig) value defined in above Table 2. Further, the L1-detail signaling having the size of the K_(sig) may correspond to one LDPC coded block.

Hereinafter, a method for segmenting L1-detail signaling will be described in detail.

The segmenter 311 segments the L1-detail signaling. Specifically, since the length of the L1-detail signaling varies, when the length of the L1-detail signaling is larger than the preset value, the segmenter 311 may segment the L1-detail signaling to have the number of bits which are equal to or less than the preset value and output each of the segmented L1-detail signalings to the scrambler 312.

However, when the length of the L1-detail signaling is equal to or less than the preset value, the segmenter 311 does not perform a separate segmentation operation.

Meanwhile, a method for segmenting, by the segmenter 311, the L1-detail signaling is as follows.

The amount of L1-detail signaling bits varies and mainly depends on the number of PLPs. Therefore, to transmit all the L1-detail signaling, at least one forward error correction (FEC) frame is required. Here, the FEC frame may represent the form that the L1-detail signaling is encoded and thus the parity bits depending on the encoding are added to the L1-detail signaling.

Specifically, when the L1-detail signaling is not segmented, the L1-detail signaling goes through the BCH encoding and the LDPC encoding to generate one FEC frame and therefore one FEC frame is required for the L1-detail signaling transmission. On the other hand, when the L1-detail signaling is segmented into at least two, at least two segmented L1-detail signalings each go through the BCH encoding and the LDPC encoding to generate at least two FEC frames and therefore at least two FEC frames are required for the L1-detail signaling transmission.

Therefore, the segmenter 311 may calculate the number N_(LID) _(_) _(FECFRAME) of FEC frames for the L1-detail signaling based on following Equation 5. That is, the number N_(LID) _(_) _(FECFRAME) of FEC frames for the L1-detail signaling may be determined based on following Equation 5.

$\begin{matrix} {N_{{L1D}_{—}{FECFRAME}} = \left\lceil \frac{K_{{L1D}_{—}{ex}_{—}{pad}}}{K_{seg}} \right\rceil} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 5} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

In above Equation 5, ┌x┐ represents a minimum integer which is equal to or larger than x.

Further, K_(LID) _(_) _(ex) _(_) _(pad) represents the length of the L1-detail signaling other than L1 padding bits as shown in FIG. 5 and may be determined by a value of an L1B_L1_Detail_size_bits field included in the L1-basic signaling.

Further, K_(seg) represents a threshold number for segmentation defined based on the number K_(ldpc) of information bits input to the LDPC encoder 315, that is, the LDPC information bits. Further, the K_(seg) may be defined based on the number of BCH parity check bits of the BCH code and a multiple value of 360.

Meanwhile, after the K_(seg) is segmented, the number K_(sig) of information bits in the coded block is set to be equal to or less than (K_(ldpc)−M_(outer)). Specifically, when the L1-detail signaling is segmented based on the K_(seg), since the length of segmented L1-detail signaling does not exceed the K_(seg), the length of the segmented L1-detail signaling is set to be equal to or less than (K_(ldpc)−M_(outer)) when the K_(seg) is set like above Table 3.

Here, the Mouter and the Kldpc are as following Tables 4 and 5. Meanwhile, for sufficient robustness, the K_(seg) value for the L1 detail mode 1 may be set to be (K_(ldpc)−M_(outer)−720).

Meanwhile, the K_(seg) for each mode of the L1-detail signaling may be defined as following Table 3. In this case, the segmenter 311 may determine the K_(seg) depending on the mode as shown in following Table 3.

TABLE 3 L1-Detail K_(seg) Mode 1 2352 Mode 2 3072 Mode 3 6312 Mode 4 Mode 5 Mode 6 Mode 7

Meanwhile, as shown in FIG. 5, all the L1-detail signaling may be configured of the L1-detail signaling and the L1 padding bits.

In this case, the segmenter 311 may calculate a length of a L1_PADDING field for the L1-detail signaling, that is, the number K_(LID) _(_) _(PAD) of the L1 padding bits based on following Equation 6.

However, calculating the K_(LID) _(_) _(PAD) based on following Equation 6 is only one example. That is, the segmenter 311 may calculate the length of the L1_PADDING field for the L1-detail signaling, that is, the number K_(LID) _(_) _(PAD) of the L1 padding bits based on K_(LID) _(_) _(ex) _(_) _(pad) and N_(LID) _(_) _(FECFRAME) values. As one example, the K_(LID) _(_) _(PAD) value may be obtained based on following Equation 6. That is, following Equation 6 is only one example of a method for obtaining a K_(LID) _(_) _(PAD) value and therefore another method based on the K_(LID) _(_) _(ex) _(_) _(pad) and N_(LID) _(_) _(FECFRAME) values may be applied to yield the equivalent result.

$\begin{matrix} {K_{{L1D}_{—}{PAD}} = {{\left\lceil \frac{K_{{L1D}_{—}{ex}_{—}{pad}}}{K_{{L1D}_{—}{FECFRAME}}} \right\rceil \times N_{{L1D}_{—}{FECFRRAME}}} - K_{{L1D}_{—}{ex}_{—}{pad}}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 6} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

Further, the segmenter 311 may fill the L1_PADDING part with K_(LID) _(_) _(PAD) zero bits (that is, bits having a 0 value). Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, the K_(LID) _(_) _(PAD) zero bits may be filled in the L1_PADDING part.

As such, by calculating the length of the L1_PADDING field and padding the zero bits as much as the calculated length to the L1_PADDING part, each of the L1-detail signalings may be segmented into the plurality of blocks formed of the same number of bits when the L1-detail signaling is segmented.

Next, the segmenter 311 may calculate a final length K_(LID) of all the L1-detail signaling including the zero padding bits based on following Equation 7. K _(L1D) =K _(L1D) _(_) _(ex) _(_) _(pad) +K _(L1D) _(_) _(PAD)  [Equation 7]

Further, the segmenter 311 may calculate the number K_(sig) of information bits in each of the N_(LID) _(_) _(FECFRAME) blocks based on following Equation 8.

$\begin{matrix} {K_{sig} = \frac{K_{L\; 1\; D}}{N_{{L1D}_{—}{FECFRAME}}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 8} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

Next, the segmenter 311 may segment all the L1-detail signalings as many as the number of K_(sig) bits.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, when the N_(LID) _(_) _(FECFRAME) is larger than 1, the segmenter 311 may segment all the L1-detail signalings as many as the number of K_(sig) bits to segment all the L1-detail signalings into the N_(LID) _(_) _(FECFRAME) blocks.

Therefore, the L1-detail signaling may be segmented into the N_(LID) _(_) _(FECFRAME) blocks and the number of L1-detail signaling bits in each of the N_(LID) _(_) _(FECFRAME) blocks may be K_(sig). Further, each of the segmented L1-detail signalings is encoded. As the encoded result, the coded block, that is, the FEC frame is formed, such that the number of L1-detail signaling bits in each of the N_(LID) _(_) _(FECFRAME) coded blocks may be K_(sig).

However, when the L1-detail signaling is not segmented, K_(sig)=K_(LID) _(_) _(ex) _(_) _(pad).

Meanwhile, the segmented L1-detail signaling blocks may be encoded by the following procedure.

Specifically, all bits of each of the L1-detail signaling blocks having the size of the information of K_(sig) may be scrambled. Next, each of the scrambled L1-detail signaling blocks may be encoded by the concatenation of the BCH outer code and the LDPC inner code.

Specifically, each of the L1-detail signaling blocks goes through the BCH encoding, and thus M_(outer) (=168) BCH parity check bits may be added to the K_(sig) L1-detail signaling bits of each block and then the concatenation of the L1-detail signaling bits and the BCH parity check bits of each block may be encoded by the shortened and punctured 16K LDPC code. Meanwhile, the detailed content of the BCH code and the LDPC code will be described below. However, the present disclosure describes only the case in which M_(outer)=168, but it is apparent that M_(outer) may be changed into an appropriate value depending on the requirements of the system.

The scramblers 211 and 312 scramble the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling. Specifically, the scramblers 211 and 312 may randomize the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling and output the randomized L1-basic signaling and L1-detail signaling to the BCH encoders 212 and 313.

In this case, the scramblers 211 and 312 may scramble the information bits every K_(sig).

That is, since the number of L1-basic signaling bits transmitted to the receiver 2000 through each frame is 200, the scrambler 211 may scramble the L1-basic signaling bits every K_(sig) (=200).

Meanwhile, since the number of L1-detail signaling bits transmitted to the receiver 2000 through each frame varies, in some cases, the L1-detail signaling may be segmented by the segmenter 311. Further, the segmenter 311 may output the L1-detail signaling formed of the K_(sig) bits or the segmented L1-detail signaling to the scrambler 312. As a result, the scrambler 312 may scramble the L1-detail signaling bits every K_(sig) which are output from the segmenter 311.

The BCH encoders 212 and 313 perform the BCH encoding on the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling to generate the BCH parity check bits.

Specifically, the BCH encoders 212 and 313 may perform the BCH encoding on the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling output from the scramblers 211 and 313 to generate the BCH parity check bits and output the BCH encoded bits in which the BCH parity check bits are added to each of the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling to the zero padders 213 and 314.

For example, the BCH encoders 212 and 313 may perform the BCH encoding on the input K_(sig) bits to generate the M_(outer) (that is, K_(sig)=K_(payload)) BCH parity check bits and output the BCH encoded bits formed of N_(outer) (=K_(sig)+M_(outer)) bits to the zero padders 213 and 314.

Meanwhile, the parameters for the BCH encoding may be defined as following Table 4.

TABLE 4 K_(sig) = N_(outer) = Signaling FEC Type K_(payload) M_(outer) K_(sig) + M_(outer) L1-Basic Mode 1 200 168 368 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode 4 Mode 5 Mode 6 Mode 7 L1-Detail Mode 1 400~2352 568~2520 Mode 2 400~3072 568~3240 Mode 3 400~6312 568~6480 Mode 4 Mode 5 Mada 6 Mode 7

Meanwhile, referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, it may be appreciated that the LDPC encoders 214 and 315 are disposed after the BCH encoders 212 and 313.

Therefore, the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling may be protected by the concatenation of the BCH outer code and the LDPC inner code.

Specifically, the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling go through the BCH encoding, and thus the BCH parity check bits for the L1-basic signaling are added to the L1-basic signaling and the BCH parity check bits for the L1-detail signaling are added to the L1-detail signaling. Further, the concatenated L1-basic signaling and BCH parity check bits are additionally protected by the LDPC code and the concatenated L1-detail signaling and BCH parity check bits may be additionally protected by the LDPC code.

Here, since the LDPC code is a 16K LDPC code, in the BCH encoders 212 and 213, a systematic BCH code for N_(inner)=16200 (that is, the code length of the 16K LDPC is 16200 and the LDPC codeword generated by the LDPC encoding may consist of 16200 bits) may be used to perform the outer encoding of the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling.

The zero padders 213 and 314 pad the zero bits. Specifically, in the case of the LDPC code, since the specific number of LDPC information bits defined depending on the code rate and the code length is required, the zero padders 213 and 314 may pad the zero bits for the LDPC encoding to generate the specific number of LDPC information bits formed of the BCH encoded bits and the zero bits and output the generated bits to the LDPC encoders 214 and 315 when the number of BCH encoded bits is less than the number of LDPC information bits. Meanwhile, when the number of BCH encoded bits is equal to the number of LDPC information bits, the zero bits are not padded.

Here, the zero bits padded by the zero padders 213 and 314 are padded for the LDPC encoding and therefore the zero bits padded depending on the shortening are not transmitted to the receiver 200.

For example, when the number of LDPC information bits of the 16K LDPC code is K_(ldpc), to fill the K_(ldpc) LDPC information bits, the zero bits may be padded to some of the LDPC information bits.

Specifically, when the number of BCH encoded bits is N_(outer), the number of LDPC information bits of the 16K LDPC code is K_(ldpc), and N_(outer)<K_(ldpc), the zero padders 213 and 314 may pad the K_(ldpc)−N_(outer) zero bits to some of the LDPC information bits and use the N_(outer) BCH encoded bits as the remaining portion of the LDPC information bits to generate the LDPC information bits formed of the K_(ldpc) bits. However, when N_(outer)=K_(ldpc), the zero bits are not padded.

For this purpose, the zero padders 213 and 314 may divide the LDPC information bits into the plurality of bit groups.

For example, the zero padders 213 and 314 may divide the K_(ldpc) LDPC information bits (i₀, i₁, . . . , i_(K) _(ldpc) ⁻¹) into N_(info) _(_) _(group)(=K_(ldpc)/360) bit groups based on following Equation 9 or 10. That is, the zero padders 213 and 314 may divide the LDPC information bits into the plurality of bit groups so that the number of bits included in each bit group is 360.

$\begin{matrix} {Z_{j} = {{\left\{ {{\left. i_{k} \middle| j \right. = \left\lfloor \frac{k}{360} \right\rfloor},{0 \leq k < K_{ldpc}}} \right\}\mspace{14mu}{for}\mspace{14mu} 0} \leq j < N_{{info}_{—}{group}}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 9} \right\rbrack \\ {Z_{j} = {{\left\{ i_{k} \middle| {{360 \times j} \leq k < {360 \times \left( {j + 1} \right)}} \right\}\mspace{14mu}{for}\mspace{14mu} 0} \leq j < N_{{info}_{—}{group}}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 10} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

In above Equations 9 and 10, Z_(j) represents a j-th bit group.

Meanwhile, parameters Nouter, Kldpc, and Ninfo_group for the zero padding for the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling may be defined as shown in following Table 5. In this case, the zero padders 213 and 314 may determine parameters for the zero padding depending on the mode as shown in following Table 5.

TABLE 5 Signaling FEC Type N_(outer) K_(ldpc) N_(info)_group L1-Basic 368 3240 9 (all modes) L1-Detail Mode 1 568~2620 L1-Datail Mode 2 568~3240 L1-Detail Mode 3 568~6480 6480 18 L1-Detail Mode 4 L1-Detail Mode 5 L1-Detail Mode 6 L1-Detail Mode 7

Further, for 0≤j<N_(info) _(_) _(group), each bit group Z_(j) as shown in FIG. 6 may consist of 360 bits.

Specifically, FIG. 6 shows a data format after the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling each go through the LDPC encoding. In FIG. 6, the LDPC FEC added to the K_(ldpc) LDPC information bits represents the LDPC parity bits generated by the LDPC encoding.

Referring to FIG. 6, the K_(ldpc) LDPC information bits are divided into the N_(info) _(_) _(group) bit groups and each bit group may consist of 360 bits.

Meanwhile, when the number N_(outer)(=K_(sig)+M_(outer)) of BCH encoded bits for the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling is less than the K_(ldpc), that is, N_(outer)(=K_(sig)+M_(outer))<K_(ldpc), for the LDPC encoding, the K_(ldpc) LDPC information bits may be filled with the N_(outer) BCH encoded bits and the K_(ldpc)−N_(outer) zero-padded bits. In this case, the padded zero bits are not transmitted to the receiver 2000.

Hereinafter, the shortening procedure performed by the zero padders 213 and 314 will be described in more detail.

The zero padders 213 and 314 may calculate the number of padded zero bits. That is, to fit the number of bits required for the LDPC encoding, the zero padders 213 and 314 may calculate the number of zero bits to be padded.

Specifically, the zero padders 213 and 314 may calculate the number of bits as much as the difference between the number of LDPC information bits and the number of BCH encoded bits as the number of padded zero bits. That is, for the given N_(outer), the zero padders 213 and 314 may calculate the number of padded zero bits as K_(ldpc)−N_(outer).

Further, the zero padders 213 and 314 may calculate the number of bit groups to which all the bits are padded. That is, the zero padders 213 and 314 may calculate the number of bit groups in which all the bits within the bit group are padded to the zero bits.

Specifically, the zero padders 213 and 314 may calculate the number N_(pad) of groups to which all the bits are padded based on following Equation 11 or 12.

$\begin{matrix} {N_{pad} = \left\lfloor \frac{K_{ldpc} - N_{outer}}{360} \right\rfloor} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 11} \right\rbrack \\ {N_{pad} = \left\lfloor \frac{\left( {K_{ldpc} - M_{outer}} \right) - K_{sig}}{360} \right\rfloor} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 12} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

Next, the zero padders 213 and 314 may determine the bit groups in which the zero bits are padded among the plurality of bit groups based on the shortening pattern and may pad the zero bits to all bits within some of the determined bit groups and some bits within the remaining bit groups.

In this case, the shortening pattern of the padded bit group may be defined as shown in following Table 6. In this case, the zero padders 213 and 314 may determine the shortening patterns depending on the mode as shown in following Table 6.

TABLE 6 π_(S)(j) (0 ≤ j < N_(info) _(—) _(group)) Signaling FEC π_(S)(0) π_(S)(1) π_(S)(2) π_(S)(3) π_(S)(4) π_(S)(5) π_(S)(6) π_(S)(7) π_(S)(8) Type N_(info) _(—) _(group) π_(S)(9) π_(S)(10) π_(S)(11) π_(S)(12) π_(S)(13) π_(S)(14) π_(S)(15) π_(S)(16) π_(S)(17) L1-Basic 9 4 1 5 2 8 6 0 7 3 (for all modes) — — — — — — — — — L1-Detail Mode 1 7 8 5 4 1 2 6 3 0 — — — — — — — — — L1-Detail Mode 2 6 1 7 8 0 2 4 3 5 — — — — — — — — — L1-Detail Mode 3 18 0 12 15 13 2 5 7 9 8 6 16 10 14 1 17 11 4 3 L1-Detail Mode 4 0 15 5 16 17 1 6 13 11 4 7 12 8 14 2 3 9 10 L1-Detail Mode 5 2 4 5 17 9 7 1 6 15 6 10 14 16 0 11 13 12 3 L1-Detail Mode 6 0 15 5 16 17 1 6 13 11 4 7 12 8 14 2 3 9 10 L1-Detail Mode 7 15  7 8 11 5 10 16 4 12 3 0 6 9 1 14 17 2 13

Here, π_(s)(j) is the index of the j-th padded bit group. That is, the π_(s)(j) represents a shortening pattern order of the j-th bit group. Further, N_(info) _(_) _(group) is the number of plural bit groups configuring the LDPC information bits.

Specifically, the zero padders 213 and 314 may determine Z_(π) _(j) ₍₀₎, Z_(π) _(j) ₍₁₎, . . . , Z_(π) _(j) _((N) _(pm) ⁻¹⁾, as the bit group in which all the bits within the bit group are padded to the zero bits based on the shortening pattern and pad the zero bits to all the bits of the corresponding bit group. That is, the zero padders 213 and 314 may pad the zero bits to all the bits of a π_(s)(0)-th bit group, a π_(s)(1)-th bit group, . . . a π_(s)(N_(pad)−1)-th bit group among the plurality of bit groups based on the shortening pattern.

As such, when the N_(pad) is not 0, the zero padders 213 and 314 may determine a list of the N_(pad) bit groups, that is, Z_(π) _(j) ₍₀₎, Z_(π) _(j) ₍₁₎, . . . , Z_(π) _(j) _((N) _(pm) ⁻¹⁾ based on above Table 6 and pad zero bits to all the LDPC information bits within the determined bit group.

However, when the N_(pad) is 0, the foregoing procedure may be omitted.

Meanwhile, since the number of all the padded zero bits is (K_(ldpc)−N_(outer)) and the number of zero bits padded to the N_(pad) bit groups is (360×Npad), the zero padders 213 and 314 may additionally pad the zero bits to (K_(ldpc)−N_(outer)−360×N_(pad)) LDPC information bits.

In this case, the zero padders 213 and 314 may determine the bit group to which the zero bits are additionally padded based on the shortening pattern and may additionally pad the zero bits from a head portion of the determined bit group.

Specifically, the zero padders 213 and 314 may determine Z_(π) _(j) _((N) _(pm) ₎ as the bit group to which the zero bits are additionally padded based on the shortening pattern and may additionally pad the zero bits to the (K_(ldpc)−N_(outer)−360×N_(pad)) bits positioned at the head portion of Z_(π) _(j) _((N) _(pm) ₎. Therefore, the (K_(ldpc)−N_(outer)−360×N_(pad)) zero bits may be padded from a first bit of the π_(s)(N_(pad))-th bit group.

As a result, in the case of Z_(π) _(j) _((N) _(pm) ₎, zeros may be additionally padded to the (K_(ldpc)−N_(bch)−360×N_(pad)) LDPC information bits positioned at the head portion of the Z_(π) _(j) _((N) _(pm) ₎.

Meanwhile, the foregoing example describes that the (K_(ldpc)−N_(outer)−360×N_(pad)) zero bits are padded from a first bit of the Z_(π) _(j) _((N) _(pm) ₎ which is only one example. Therefore, the position at which the zero bits in the Z_(π) _(j) _((N) _(pm) ₎ are padded may be changed. For example, the (Kldpc−Nouter−360×Npad) zero bits may be padded to an intermediate portion or a final portion of the Z_(π) _(j) _((N) _(pm) ₎ or may also be padded at any position of the Z_(π) _(j) _((N) _(pm) ₎.

Next, the zero padders 213 and 314 may map the BCH encoded bits to the positions at which bits are not padded among the LDPC information bits to configure the LDPC information bits.

Therefore, the N_(outer) BCH encoded bits are sequentially mapped to the bit positions at which the zero bits in the K_(ldpc) LDPC information bits (i₀, i₁, . . . , i_(K) _(ldpc) ⁻¹) are not padded and thus the K_(ldpc) LDPC information bits may consist of the N_(outer) BCH encoded bits and the (K_(ldpc)−N_(outer)) information bits.

Meanwhile, the padded zero bits are not transmitted to the receiver 2000. As such, a procedure of padding the zero bits or a procedure of padding the zero bits and then not transmitting the padded zero bits to the receiver 2000 after the LDPC encoding may be called shortening.

The LDPC encoders 214 and 315 perform the LDPC encoding on the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling.

Specifically, the LDPC encoders 214 and 315 may perform the LDPC encoding on the LDPC information bits output from the zero padders 213 and 31 to generate the LDP parity bits and output the LDPC codeword formed of the LDPC information bits and the LDPC parity bits to the parity permutators 215 and 316.

That is, the K_(ldpc) bits output from the zero padder 213 may include the K_(sig) L1-basic signaling bits, the M_(outer) (=N_(outer)−K_(sig)) BCH parity check bits, and the (K_(ldpc)−N_(outer)) padded zero bits, which may configure the K_(ldpc) LDPC information bits I=(i₀, i₁, . . . , i_(K) _(ldpc) ⁻¹) for the LDPC encoder 214.

Further, the K_(ldpc) bits output from the zero padder 314 may include the K_(sig) L1-detail signaling bits, the M_(outer) (=N_(outer)−K_(sig)) BCH parity check bits, and the (K_(ldpc)−N_(outer)) padded zero bits, which may configure the K_(ldpc) LDPC information bits I=(i₀, i₁, . . . , i_(K) _(ldpc) ⁻¹) for the LDPC encoder 316.

In this case, the LDPC encoders 214 and 315 may systematically perform the LDPC encoding on the K_(ldpc) LDPC information bits to generate the LDPC codeword Λ=(c₀, c₁, . . . , c_(N) _(inner) ⁻¹)=(i₀, i₁, . . . , i_(K) _(ldpc) ⁻¹, p₀, p₁, . . . , p_(N) _(inner) _(−K) _(ldpc) ⁻¹) formed of the N_(inner) bits.

Meanwhile, in the case of the L1-basic modes and the L1-detail modes 1 and 2, the LDPC encoders 214 and 315 may encode the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling at the code rate of 3/15 to generate 16200 LDPC codeword bits. Further, in the case of the L1-detail modes 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, the LDPC encoder 315 may encode the L1-detail signaling at the code rate of 6/15 to generate the 16200 LDPC codeword bits. Meanwhile, the code rate and the code length for the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling are shown in above Table 2 and the number of LDPC information bits are shown as in above Table 2.

The parity permutators 215 and 316 perform the parity permutation. That is, the parity permutators 215 and 316 may perform the permutation only on the LDPC parity bits except for the LDPC information bits.

Specifically, the parity permutators 215 and 316 may perform the permutation only on the LDPC parity bits among the LDPC codewords output from the LDPC encoders 214 and 315 and output the parity permutated LDPC codeword to the puncturers 216 and 317. Meanwhile, the parity permutator 316 may output the parity permutated LDPC codeword to an additional parity generator 319. In this case, the additional parity generator 319 may use the parity permutated LDPC codeword output from the parity permutator 316 to generate the additional parity bits.

For this purpose, the parity permutators 215 and 316 may include a parity interleaver (not shown) and a group-wise interleaver (not shown).

First, the parity interleaver (not shown) may interleave only the LDPC parity bits among the LDPC information bits and the LDPC parity bits configuring the LDPC codeword. However, the parity interleaver (not shown) may perform the parity interleaving only in the case of the L1-detail modes 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. That is, since the L1-basic modes and the L1-detail modes 1 and 2 include the parity interleaving as a portion of the LDPC encoding process, in the case of the L1-basic modes and the L1-detail modes 1 and 2, the parity interleaver (not shown) may not perform the parity interleaving.

Meanwhile, in the case of the mode of performing the parity interleaving, the parity interleaver (not shown) may interleave the LDPC parity bits based on following Equation 13. u _(i) =c _(i) for 0≤i<K _(ldpc) (information bits are not interleaved.) u _(K) _(ldpc) _(+360t+s) =c _(K) _(ldpc) _(27s+t) for 0≤s<360, 0≤t<27  [Equation 13]

Specifically, depending on above Equation 13, the LDPC codeword (c₀, c₁, . . . , c_(N) _(inner) ⁻¹) is parity-interleaved by the parity interleaver (not shown) and an output of the parity interleaver (not shown) may be represented by U=(u₀, u₁, . . . , u_(N) _(inner) ⁻¹).

Meanwhile, since the L1-basic modes and the L1-detail modes 1 and 2 do not use the parity interleaver (not shown), an output U=(u₀, u₁, . . . , u_(N) _(inner) ⁻¹) of the parity interleaver (not shown) may be represented as following Equation 14. u _(i) =c _(i) for 0≤i<N _(inner)  [Equation 14]

Meanwhile, the group-wise interleaver (not shown) may perform the group-wise interleaving on the output of the parity interleaver (not shown).

Here, as described above, the output of the parity interleaver (not shown) may be the LDPC codeword parity-interleaved by the parity interleaver (not shown) or may be the LDPC codeword which is not parity-interleaved by the parity interleaver (not shown).

Therefore, when the parity interleaving is performed, the group-wise interleaver (not shown) may perform the group-wise interleaving on the parity-interleaved LDPC codeword and when the parity interleaving is not performed, the group-wise interleaver (not shown) may perform the group-wise interleaving on the LDPC codeword.

Specifically, the group-wise interleaver (not shown) may interleave the output of the parity interleaver (not shown) in a bits group wise.

For this purpose, the group-wise interleaver (not shown) may divide the LDPC codeword output from the parity interleaver (not shown) into a plurality of bit groups. As a result, the LDPC parity bits output from the parity interleaver (not shown) may be divided into the plurality of bit groups.

Specifically, the group-wise interleaver (not shown) may divide the LDPC encoded bits (u₀, u₁, . . . , u_(N) _(inner) ⁻¹) output from the parity interleaver (not shown) into the N_(group)(=N_(inner)/360) bit groups based on following Equation 15. X _(i) ={u _(k)|360×j≤k<360×(j+1), 0≤k<N _(inner)} for 0≤j<N _(group)  [Equation 15]

In above Equation 15, X_(j) represents the j-th bit group.

FIG. 7 shows an example of dividing the LDPC codeword output from the parity interleaver (not shown) into the plurality of bit groups.

Referring to FIG. 7, the LDPC codeword is divided into the N_(group)(=N_(inner)/360) bit groups and each bit group X_(j) for 0≤j<N_(group) is formed of 360 bits.

As a result, the LDPC information bits formed of the K_(ldpc) bits may be divided into (K_(ldpc)/360) bit groups and the LDPC parity bits formed of N_(inner)−K_(ldpc) bits may be divided into (N_(inner)−K_(ldpc))/360 bit groups.

Further, the group-wise interleaver (not shown) performs the group-wise interleaving on the LDPC codeword output from the parity interleaver (not shown).

In this case, the group-wise interleaver (not shown) does not perform the interleaving on the LDPC information bits and may perform the interleaving only on the LDPC parity bits to change the order of the plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC parity bits.

As a result, the LDPC information bits among the LDPC bits may not be interleaved by the group-wise interleaver (not shown) but the LDPC parity bits among the LDPC bits may be interleaved by the group-wise interleaver (not shown). In this case, the LDPC parity bits may be interleaved in a group unit.

Specifically, the group-wise interleaver (not shown) may perform the group-wise interleaving on the LDPC codeword output from the parity interleaver (not shown) based on following Equation 16. Y _(j) =X _(j), 0≤j<K _(ldpc)/360 Y _(j) =X _(πp(j)) , K _(ldpc)/360≤j<N _(group)

Here, X_(j) represents the j-th bit group among the plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword, that is, the j-th bit group which does not go through the group-wise interleaving and Y_(j) represents the group-wise interleaved j-th bit group. Further, (j) represents a permutation order for the group-wise interleaving.

Meanwhile, the permutation order may be defined based on following Table 7 and Table 8. Here, above Table 7 represents the group-wise interleaving pattern of the parity portion for the L1-basic modes and the L1-detail modes 1 and 2 and above Table 8 represents the group-wise interleaving pattern of the parity portion for the L1-detail modes 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.

In this case, the group-wise interleaver (not shown) may determine the group-wise interleaving pattern depending on the mode shown in following Tables 7 and 8.

TABLE 7 Order of group-wise interleaving π_(p)(j) (9 ≤ j < 45) π_(p)(9) π_(p)(10) π_(p)(11) π_(p)(12) π_(p)(13) π_(p)(14) π_(p)(15) π_(p)(16) π_(p)(17) π_(p)(18) π_(p)(19) π_(p)(20) Signaling π_(p)(21) π_(p)(22) π_(p)(23) π_(p)(24) π_(p)(25) π_(p)(26) π_(p)(27) π_(p)(28) π_(p)(29) π_(p)(30) π_(p)(31) π_(p)(32) FEC Type N_(group) π_(p)(33) π_(p)(34) π_(p)(35) π_(p)(36) π_(p)(37) π_(p)(38) π_(p)(39) π_(p)(40) π_(p)(41) π_(p)(42) π_(p)(43) π_(p)(44) L1-Basic 45 20 23 25 32 38 41 18 9 10 11 31 24 (all modes) 14 15 26 40 33 19 28 34 16 39 27 30 21 44 43 35 42 36 12 13 29 22 37 17 L1-Detail 16 22 27 30 37 44 20 23 25 32 36 41 Mode 1 9 10 17 18 21 33 35 14 28 12 15 19 11 24 29 34 36 13 40 43 31 26 39 42 L1-Detail 9 31 23 10 11 25 43 29 36 16 27 34 Mode 2 26 18 37 15 13 17 35 21 20 24 44 12 22 40 19 32 38 41 30 33 14 28 39 42

TABLE 8 Order of group-wise interleaving π_(p)(j) (18 ≤ j < 45) Signaling π_(p)(18) π_(p)(19) π_(p)(20) π_(p)(21) π_(p)(22) π_(p)(23) π_(p)(24) FEC Type N_(group) π_(p)(32) π_(p)(33) π_(p)(34) π_(p)(35) π_(p)(36) π_(p)(37) π_(p)(38) L1-Detail 45 19 37 30 42 23 44 27 Mode 3 26 35 39 20 18 43 31 L1-Detail 20 35 42 39 26 23 30 Mode 4 41 40 38 36 34 33 31 L1-Detail 19 37 33 26 40 43 22 Mode 5 21 39 25 42 34 18 32 L1-Detail 20 35 42 39 26 23 30 Mode 6 41 40 38 36 34 33 31 L1-Detail 44 23 29 33 24 28 21 Mode 7 43 30 25 35 20 34 39 Order of group-wise interleaving π_(p)(j) (18 ≤ j < 45) Signaling π_(p)(25) π_(p)(26) π_(p)(27) π_(p)(28) π_(p)(29) π_(p)(30) π_(p)(31) FEC Type N_(group) π_(p)(39) π_(p)(40) π_(p)(41) π_(p)(42) π_(p)(43) π_(p)(44) L1-Detail 45 40 21 34 25 32 29 24 Mode 3 36 38 22 33 28 41 L1-Detail 18 28 37 32 27 44 43 Mode 4 29 25 24 22 21 19 L1-Detail 29 24 35 44 31 27 20 Mode 5 38 23 30 28 36 41 L1-Detail 18 28 37 32 27 44 43 Mode 6 29 25 24 22 21 19 L1-Detail 27 42 18 22 31 32 37 Mode 7 36 19 41 40 26 38

Hereinafter, for the group-wise interleaving pattern for the L1-detail mode 2 as an example, an operation of the group-wise interleaver (not shown) will be described.

In the case of the L1-detail mode 2, the LDPC encoder 315 performs the LDPC encoding on 3240 LDPC information bits at the code rate of 3/15 to generate 12960 LDPC parity bits. In this case, the LDPC codeword may consist of 16200 bits.

Meanwhile, each bit group is formed of 360 bits and as a result the LDPC codeword formed of 16200 bits is divided into 45 bit groups.

Here, since the LDPC information bits are 3240 and the LDPC parity bits are 12960, a 0-th bit group to an 8-th bit group correspond to the LDPC information bits and a 9-th bit group to a 44-th bit group correspond to the LDPC parity bits.

In this case, the parity interleaver (not shown) does not perform the parity interleaving, the group-wise interleaver (not shown) does not perform the interleaving on the bit group configuring the LDPC information bits, that is, a 0-th bit group to a 8-th bit group based on above Equation 16 and Table 7 but may interleave a bit group configuring the LDPC parity bits, that is, a 9-th bit group to a 44-th bit group in a group unit to change an order of the 9-th bit group to the 44-th bit group.

Specifically, in the case of the L1-detail mode 2 in above Table 7, above Equation 16 may be represented like Y₀=X₀, Y₁=X₁, . . . , Y₇=X₇, Y₈=X₈, Y₉=X_(πp(9))=X₉, Y₁₀=X_(πp(10))=X₃₁, Y₁₁=X_(πp(11))=X₂₃, . . . , Y₄₂=X_(πp(42))=X₂₈, Y₄₃=X_(πp(43))=X₃₉, Y₄₄=X_(πp(44))=X₄₂.

Therefore, the group-wise interleaver (not shown) does not change an order from the 0-th bit group to the 8-th bit group including the LDPC information bit but may change an order from the 9-th bit group to the 44-th bit group including the LDPC parity bits.

Specifically, the group-wise interleaver (not shown) may change the order of the bit group from the 9-th bit group to the 44-th bit group so that a 9-th bit group is positioned at a 9-th position, a 31-th bit group is positioned at a 10-th position, a 23-th bit group is positioned at a 11-th position, . . . , a 28-th bit group is positioned at a 42-th position, a 39-th bit group is positioned at a 43-th position, a 42-th bit group is positioned at a 44-th position.

The puncturers 216 and 317 and the repeaters 217 and 318 are described above in FIG. 1 and therefore the detailed description thereof will be omitted.

However, the repetition may be performed only on the L1-basic mode 1 and the L1-detail mode.

Further, the repeater 318 may also output the repeated LDPC codeword to the additional parity generator 319. In this case, the additional parity generator 319 may use the repeated LDPC codeword to generate the additional parity bits.

Meanwhile, the foregoing example describes that the puncturing is performed and then the repetition is performed, which is only one example. In some cases, after the repetition is performed, the puncturing may also be performed.

The additional parity generator 319 may select the bits from the LDPC parity bits to generate the additional parity (AP) bits.

In this case, the additional parity bits may be selected from the LDPC parity bits generated based on the L1-detail signaling transmitted in the current frame to be transmitted to the receiver 2000 through a frame before the current frame, that is, the previous frame.

Specifically, the L1-detail signaling goes through the LDPC encoding and the LDPC parity bits generated by the LDPC encoding are added to the L1-detail signaling to configure the LDPC codeword.

Further, the puncturing and the shortening are performed on the LDPC codeword and the punctured and shortened LDPC codeword may be mapped to the frame to be transmitted to the receiver 2000. Here, when the repetition is performed depending on the mode, the punctured and shortened LDPC codeword may include the repeated LDPC parity bits.

In this case, the L1-detail signaling corresponding to each frame may be transmitted to the receiver 2000 through each frame, along with the LDPC parity bits. For example, the punctured and shortened LDPC codeword including the L1-detail signaling corresponding to an (i−1)-th frame may be mapped to the (i−1)-th frame to be transmitted to the receiver 2000 and the punctured and shortened LDPC codeword including the L1-detail signaling corresponding to the i-th frame may be mapped to the i-th frame to be transmitted to the receiver 2000.

Meanwhile, the additional parity generator 319 may select at least some of the LDPC parity bits generated based on the L1-detail signaling transmitted in the i-th frame to generate the additional parity bits.

Specifically, some of the LDPC parity bits generated by performing the LDPC encoding on the L1-detail signaling are punctured and then are not transmitted to the receiver 2000. In this case, the additional parity generator 319 may select at least some of the punctured LDPC parity bits among the LDPC parity bits generated by performing the LDPC encoding on the L1-detail signaling transmitted in the i-th frame, thereby generating the additional parity bits.

Further, the additional parity generator 319 may select at least some of the LDPC parity bits transmitted to the receiver 2000 through the i-th frame to generate the additional parity bits.

Specifically, the LDPC parity bits included in the punctured and shortened LDPC codeword mapped to the i-th frame may be configured of only the LDPC parity bits generated by the encoding depending on the mode or the LDPC parity bits generated by the encoding and the repeated LDPC parity bits.

In this case, the additional parity generator 319 may select at least some of the LDPC parity bits included in the punctured and shortened LDPC codeword mapped to the i-th frame to generate the additional parity bits.

Meanwhile, the additional parity bits may be transmitted to the receiver 2000 through the frame before the i-th frame, that is, the (i−1)-th frame.

That is, the transmitter 1000 may not only transmit the punctured and shortened LDPC codeword including the L1-detail signaling corresponding to the (i−1)-th frame but also transmit the additional parity bits generated based on the L1-detail signaling transmitted in the i-th frame to the receiver 2000 through the (i−1)-th frame.

Meanwhile, in some cases, the additional parity generator 319 may not generate the additional parity bits.

In this case, the transmitter 1000 may transmit the information on whether additional parity bits for a L1-detail signaling of a next frame are transmitted through the current frame to the receiver 2000 using the L1-basic signaling transmitted through the current frame.

The zero removers 218 and 321 may remove the zero bits padded by the zero padders 213 and 314 from the LDPC codewords output from the repeaters 217 and 318 and output the remaining bits to the bit demultiplexers 219 and 322.

Here, the removal does not remove the padded zero bits but may include outputting only the remaining bits other than the padded zero bits in the LDPC codewords as well as removing the padded zero bits.

Specifically, the zero removers 218 and 321 may remove the K_(ldpc)−N_(outer) zero bits padded by the zero padders 213 and 314. Therefore, the K_(ldpc)−N_(outer) padded zero bits are removed and thus may not be transmitted to the receiver 2000.

As such, when the zero bits are removed, a word formed of the K_(sig) information bits (that is, K_(sig) L1-basic signaling bits and K_(sig) L1-detail signaling bits), 168 BCH parity check bits, and (N_(inner)−K_(ldpc)−N_(punc)) or (N_(inner)−K_(ldpc)−+N_(repeat)) bits may remain.

That is, when the repetition is performed, the lengths of all the LDPC codewords become N_(FEC)+N_(repeat). Here, N_(FEC)=N_(outer)+N_(ldpc) _(_) _(parity)−N_(punc). However, when the repetition is not performed, the lengths of all the LDPC codewords become N_(FEC)=N_(outer)+N_(ldpc) _(_) _(parity)−N_(punc).

The bit demultiplexers 219 and 322 may interleave the bits output from the zero removers 218 and 321, demultiplex the interleaved bits, and then output them to the constellation mappers 221 and 324.

For this purpose, the bit demultiplexers 219 and 322 may include a block interleaver (not shown) and a demultiplexer (not shown).

First, a block interleaving scheme performed in the block interleaver (not shown) is as in FIG. 8.

Specifically, the bits of the N_(FEC) or (N_(FEC)+N_(repeat)) length after the zero bits are removed may be column-wisely serially written in the block interleaver (not shown). Here, the number of columns of the block interleaver (not shown) is equivalent to the modulation order and the number of rows is N_(FEC)/η_(MOD) or (N_(FEC)+N_(repeat))/η_(MOD).

Further, in a read operation, the bits for one constellation symbol may be row-wisely sequentially read to be input to the demultiplexer (not shown). The operation may be continued to the final row of the column.

That is, the N_(FEC) or (N_(FEC)+N_(repeat)) bits may be written in the plurality of columns in a column direction from the first row of the first column and the bits written in the plurality of columns are sequentially read from the first row to the final row of the plurality of columns in a row direction. In this case, the bits read in the same row may configure one modulation symbol.

Meanwhile, the demultiplexer (not shown) may demultiplex the bits output from the block interleaver (not shown).

Specifically, the demultiplexer (not shown) may demultiplex each of the block-interleaved bit groups, that is, the bits output while being read in the same row of the block interleaver (not shown) within the bit group bit-by-bit, before the bits go through the constellation mapping.

In this case, two mapping rules may be present depending on the modulation order.

Specifically, in the case of the QPSK, since reliability of the bits within the constellation symbols is the same, the demultiplexer (not shown) does not perform the demultiplexing operation on the bit group. Therefore, the bit group read and output from the block interleaver (not shown) may be mapped to the QPSK symbol without going through the demultiplexing operation.

However, in the case of high order modulation, the demultiplexer (not shown) may perform the demultiplexing on the bit group read and output from the block interleaver (not shown) based on following Equation 17. That is, the bit group may be mapped to the QAM symbol depending on following Equation 17. S _(demux) _(_) _(in(i)) ={b _(i)(0),b _(i)(2), . . . ,b _(i)(η_(MOD)−1)}, S _(demux) _(_) _(out(i)) ={c _(i)(0),c _(i)(2), . . . ,c _(i)(η_(MOD)−1)}, c _(i)(0)=b _(i)(i % η_(MOD)),c _(i)(1)=b _(i)(i+1)% η_(MOD)), . . . ,c _(i)(η_(MOD)−1)=b _(i)((i+η _(MOD)−1)% η_(MOD))

In above Equation 17, % represents the modulo operation and r_(iMOD) is the modulation order.

Further, i is the bit group index corresponding to the row index of the block interleaver (not shown). That is, an output bit group S_(demux) _(_) _(out(i)) mapped to each of the QAM symbols may be cyclic-shifted in an S_(demux) _(_) _(in(i)) depending on the bit group index i.

Meanwhile, FIG. 9 shows an example of performing the bit demultiplexing on 16-non uniform constellation (16-NUC), that is, NUC 16-QAM. The operation may be continued until all the bit groups are read in the block interleaver (not shown).

Meanwhile, the bit demultiplexer 323 may perform the same operation as the operations performed by the bit demultiplexers 219 and 322 on the additional parity bits output from the additional parity generator 319 and output the block-interleaved and demultiplexed bits to the constellation mapper 325.

The constellation mappers 221, 324, and 325 may map the bits output from the bit demultiplexers 219, 322, and 323 to the constellation symbols.

That is, the constellation mappers 221, 324, and 325 may map the S_(demux) _(_) _(out(i)) to a cell word using the constellation depending on the mode. Here, the S_(demux) _(_) _(out(i)) may be configured of bits having the same number as the modulation order.

Specifically, the constellation mappers 221, 324, and 325 may map bits output from the bit demultiplexers 219, 322, and 323 to the constellation symbols using the QPSK, the 16-QAM, the 64-QAM, the 256-QAM, etc., depending on the mode.

In this case, the constellation mappers 221, 324, and 325 may use the NUC. That is, the constellation mappers 221, 324, and 325 may use the NUC 16-QAM, the NUC 64-QAM, and the NUC 256-QAM. Meanwhile, the modulation scheme applied to the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling depending on the mode is as above Table 2.

Meanwhile, the transmitter 1000 may map the constellation symbols to the frame and transmit the mapped symbols to the receiver 2000.

Specifically, the transmitter 1000 may map the constellation symbols corresponding to each of the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling output from the constellation mappers 221 and 324 and map the constellation symbols corresponding to the additional parity bits output from the constellation mapper 325 to the preamble symbol of the frame.

In this case, the transmitter 1000 may map the additional parity bits generated based on the L1-detail signaling transmitted in the current frame to a frame before the corresponding frame.

That is, the transmitter 1000 may map the LDPC codeword bits including the L1-basic signaling corresponding to the (i−1)-th frame to the (i−1)-th frame, maps the LDPC codeword bits including the L1-detail signaling corresponding to the (i−1)-th frame to the (i−1)-th frame, and additionally map the additional parity bits generated by being selected from the LDPC parity bits generated based on the L1-detail signaling corresponding to the i-th frame to the (i−1)-th frame and may transmit the mapped bits to the receiver 2000.

In addition, the transmitter 1000 may map data to the data symbols of the frame in addition to the L1 signaling and transmit the frame including the L1 signaling and the data to the receiver 2000.

In this case, since the L1 signalings include the signaling information on the data, the signaling on the data mapped to each data may be mapped to the preamble of the corresponding frame. For example, the transmitter 1000 may map the L1 signaling including the signaling information for the data mapped to the i-th frame to the i-th frame.

As a result, the receiver 2000 may use the signaling acquired from the frame to acquire and process the data from the corresponding frame.

Meanwhile, the method for processing data will be described below.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram for describing a configuration of a transmitter according to an exemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 10, a transmitter 1000 includes an LDPC encoder 410, an interleaver 420, a constellation mapper 430.

The LDPC encoder 410 performs the encoding, that is, LDPC encoding on the input bits to generate the parity bits, that is, the LDPC parity bits.

Here, the input bits are LDPC information bits for the LDPC encoding and may include outer-encoded bits, in which the outer-encoded bits include information bits and parity bits (or parity check bits) generated by outer-encoding the information bits. For this purpose, the transmitter 1000 may include the outer encoder (not shown) for outer-encoding the information bits.

Further, the information bits may be data. Further, the information bits may be broadcasting data.

Further, the outer code is a code perform before the inner code in the concatenated code and may use various encoding schemes such as BCH and CRC. In this case, the inner code may be the LDPC code.

In the case, the LDPC code requires the specific number of LDPC information bits depending on a code rate and a code length is required.

Therefore, the transmitter 1000 performs the outer-encoding on the specific number of information bits in consideration of the number of parity bits generated by the outer encoding so that the number of outer-encoded bits may be the number of bits required for the LDPD encoding depending on the code rate and the code length.

However, in some cases, the outer code may be omitted and the LDPC encoder 410 may perform the LDPC encoding on the specific number of information bits required depending on the code rate and the code length.

The LDPC encoder 410 may systematically encode the LDPC information bits to generate the LDPC parity bits and output an LDPC codeword (or LDPC encoded bits) formed of the LDPC information bits and the LDPC parity bits. That is, the LDPC code is a systematic code and therefore the LDPC codeword may consist of the LDPC information bits before being encoded and the LDPC parity bits generated by the encoding.

For example, the LDPC encoder 410 may LDPC-encode the K_(ldpc) LDPC information bits I=(i₀, i₁, . . . , i_(K) _(ldpc) ⁻¹) to generate N_(ldpc) _(_) _(parity) LDPC parity bits (p₀, p₁, . . . , p_(N) _(ldpc) _(−K) _(ldpc) ⁻¹) and output the LDPC codeword A=(c₀,c₁, . . . , c_(N) _(inner) ⁻¹)=(i₀, i₁, . . . , i_(K) _(ldpc) ⁻¹, p₀, p₁, . . . , p_(N) _(ldpc) _(−K) _(ldpc) ⁻¹) formed of N_(inner)(=K_(ldpc)+N_(ldpc) _(_) _(parity)) bits.

In this case, the LDPC encoder 410 may perform the LDPC encoding on the input bits at various code rates to generate an LDPC codeword having a specific length.

For example, the LDPC encoder 410 may perform the LDPC encoding at various code rates such as 2/15, 3/15, 4/15, 5/15, 6/15, 7/15, 8/15, 9/15, 10/15, 11/15, 12/15, and 13/15 to generate the LDPC codeword formed of 16200 bits or 64800 bits.

In this case, the number of input bits may have various values depending on the code rates.

For example, the LDPC encoder 410 may perform the LDPC encoding on 33240 input bits at the code rate of 3/15 to generate an LDPC codeword formed of 16200 bits and the LDPC encoding on 6480 input bits at the code rate of 6/15 to generate an LDPC codeword formed of 16200 bits.

As another example, the LDPC encoder 410 may perform the LDPC encoding on 33240 input bits at the code rate of 3/15 to generate an LDPC codeword formed of 16200 bits and the LDPC encoding on 12960 input bits at the code rate of 3/15 to generate an LDPC codeword formed of 64800 bits.

In this case, a code rate and a code length at which the bits are LDPC-encoded may be preset.

As described above, the LDPC encoder 410 may encode the input bits at various code rates to generate the LDPC codeword formed of the input bits and the LDPC parity bits. The interleaver 420 interleaves the LDPC codeword. That is, the interleaver 420 may interleave the LDPC codeword output from the LDPC encoder 410 based on various interleaving rules.

For this purpose, as shown in FIG. 11, the interleaver 420 may include a parity interleaver 421, a group interleaver (or group-wise interleaver 422), and a block interleaver 423.

The parity interleaver 421 interleaves the parity bits configuring the LDPC codeword.

Specifically, the parity interleaver 421 may perform the parity interleaving on the LDPC codeword c=(c₀, c₁, . . . , c_(N) _(inner) ⁻¹) to interleave only the LDPC parity bits among the LPDC codewords and output the parity-interleaved U=(u₀, u₁, . . . , u_(N) _(inner) ⁻¹).

However, in some cases, the parity interleaver 421 may be omitted.

The group interleaver 422 may divide the parity-interleaved LDPC codeword into the plurality of bit groups and rearrange the order of the plurality of bit groups in a bits group wise. Meanwhile, in some cases, when the parity interleaver 421 is omitted, the group interleaver 422 may divide the LDPC codeword into the plurality of bit groups and rearrange the order of the plurality of bit groups in the bits group wise.

For this purpose, the group interleaver 422 may divide the parity-interleaved LDPC codeword into the plurality of bit groups.

Specifically, the group interleaver 422 may divide the parity-interleaved LDPC codeword into the plurality of bit groups so that the number of bits included in one bit group becomes M (for example, M=360).

That is, as shown in FIG. 12, the LDPC codeword is divided by M bits and therefore, K_(ldpc) information bits are divided into (K_(ldpc)/M) bit groups and N_(inner)−K_(ldpc) parity bits are divided into (N_(inner)−K_(ldpc))/M bit groups. Therefore, the LDPC codeword may be divided into a total of (N_(inner)/M) bit groups.

For example, when M=360 and the length N_(inner) of the LDPC codeword is 16200, the number N_(group) of bit groups configuring the LPDC codeword may be 45 (=16200/360) and when M=360 and the length N_(inner) of the LDPC codeword is 64800, the number N_(group) of bit groups configuring the LPDC codeword may be 180 (=64800/360).

Further, the group interleaver 422 interleaves the LDPC codeword in the bits group wise.

Specifically, the group interleaver 422 may change the positions of the plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword to rearrange the order of the plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword in the group unit.

For example, the group interleaver 422 may dispose a bit group present at a specific position (for example, x-th) before the group interleaving at a specific position (for example, y-th) depending on the group interleaving to interleave the plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword in the group unit.

Meanwhile, at what position the specific bit group before the group interleaving is positioned depending on the group interleaving may be preset within the system, which may be differently preset depending on at least of the code length, the code rate, and the modulation order.

According to the scheme, the group-interleaved LDPC codeword is as shown in FIG. 13. Comparing the LDPC codeword shown in FIG. 13 with the LDPC code before the group interleaving shown in FIG. 12, it may be appreciated that the order of the plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword is rearranged.

That is, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, a bit group X₀, a bit group a bit group are disposed in a 0-th bit group to a (N_(inner)/M−1)-th bit group configuring the LDPC codeword before the group interleaving. Next, the order of the plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword is changed in the group unit according to the group interleaving and thus a bit group Y₀, a bit group Y₁, . . . , a bit group may be disposed in a 0-th bit group to a (N_(inner)/M−1)-th bit group configuring the group-interleaved LDPC codeword.

For this purpose, the group interleaver 422 may rearrange the order of the plurality of groups in the bits group wise using the following Equation 18 Y _(j) =X _(π(j))(0≤j<N _(group))

In the above Equation 18, X_(j) represents the j-th bit group before the group interleaving and Y_(j) represents the j-th bit group after the group interleaving. Further, π(j) is a parameter representing the interleaving order and may be determined by at least one of the length of the LDPC codeword, the modulation scheme, and the code rate.

Therefore, X_(π(j)) represents the π(j)-th bit group before the group interleaving and the above Equation 18 represents that the π(j)-th bit group before the interleaving is interleaved and then is interleaved as the j-th bit group.

Meanwhile, a detailed example of the π(j) according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention may be defined as the following Tables 9 to 18.

In this case, the π(j) is defined depending on the length of the LDPC codeword, the code rate, and the modulation scheme.

For example, it is assumed that the LDPC encoder 410 encodes the LDPC information bits according to the code rate of 2/15, 3/15, 4/15, 5/15, 6/15, 7/15, 8/15, 9/15, 10/15, 11/15, 12/15, and 13/15 to generate the LDPC codeword having a length of 64800 and modulates bits by the QPSK in the constellation mapper 430.

In this case, the group interleaver 422 may perform the interleaving using π(j) defined by the following Table 9.

TABLE 9 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 180) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 2/15 70 149 136 153 104 110 134 61 129 126 58 150 123 91 173 57 106 143 151 89 86 35 77 133 49 130 128 79 162 32 172 87 131 45 114 93 54 111 14 156 8 16 73 2 84 47 42 101 97 66 80 11 59 19 115 154 26 147 28 50 99 159 148 179 0 146 90 6 100 74 117 48 3 163 15 46 21 44 108 34 56 140 127 158 43 29 124 22 62 37 40 4 107 166 82 95 3/15 75 170 132 174 7 111 30 4 49 133 50 160 153 103 51 58 107 167 39 108 24 145 96 74 152 102 38 28 86 162 171 61 93 147 117 32 172 115 118 127 6 16 0 143 9 100 67 98 12 158 81 20 66 57 121 25 1 90 175 35 113 52 109 134 36 176 54 69 146 31 15 71 122 21 63 137 120 144 91 157 48 34 46 22 138 101 23 11 17 136 128 114 112 165 5 142 4/15 141 86 22 20 176 21 37 82 6 122 130 40 163 9 160 73 100 16 153 124 110 49 154 152 18 103 1 41 104 144 39 105 131 77 69 108 109 75 67 142 96 51 139 31 166 179 89 167 174 129 55 98 88 97 146 123 84 111 132 71 53 15 52 72 164 150 29 17 91 101 14 38 28 65 106 78 47 143 12 169 120 27 74 48 32 99 85 175 80 170 5 135 178 11 26 76 5/15 39 47 96 176 33 75 165 38 27 58 90 76 146 101 36 0 138 25 77 122 49 14 125 140 35 127 156 55 82 85 66 114 8 147 115 113 50 9 143 28 160 71 79 43 98 86 94 64 56 74 95 29 45 129 120 168 92 150 7 162 70 134 40 21 149 80 1 121 59 110 142 152 177 131 116 44 158 73 11 65 164 119 174 34 109 87 144 135 20 62 81 169 124 6 19 30 6/15 0 14 19 21 2 11 22 9 8 7 16 3 49 75 93 127 95 119 73 61 63 117 89 99 103 102 81 113 101 97 33 115 59 112 90 51 138 140 142 144 146 148 150 152 154 156 158 160 10 12 20 6 18 13 17 15 1 29 28 23 130 56 128 77 39 94 87 120 62 88 74 35 38 72 108 58 43 109 57 105 68 86 79 96 143 145 147 149 151 153 155 157 159 161 163 165 7/15 152 172 113 167 100 163 159 144 114 47 161 125 57 166 81 133 112 33 151 117 83 52 178 85 155 111 153 55 54 176 17 68 169 20 104 38 122 110 154 76 64 75 84 162 77 103 156 128 78 5 69 175 8 29 106 137 131 43 93 160 173 105 9 66 65 92 32 41 72 74 4 36 73 79 121 148 95 70 51 53 21 115 135 25 165 40 19 60 46 14 49 139 58 101 39 116 8/15 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 138 140 142 144 146 148 150 152 154 156 158 160 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 97 99 101 103 105 107 109 111 113 115 117 119 143 145 147 149 151 153 155 157 159 161 163 165 9/15 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 138 140 142 144 146 148 150 152 154 156 158 160 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 97 99 101 103 105 107 109 111 113 115 117 119 143 145 147 149 151 153 155 157 159 161 163 165 10/15  0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 138 140 142 144 146 148 150 152 154 156 158 160 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 97 99 101 103 105 107 109 111 113 115 117 119 143 145 147 149 151 153 155 157 159 161 163 165 11/15  0 14 19 21 2 11 22 9 8 7 16 3 49 75 93 127 95 119 73 61 63 117 89 99 103 102 81 113 101 97 33 115 59 112 90 51 138 140 142 144 146 148 150 152 154 156 158 160 10 12 20 6 18 13 17 15 1 29 28 23 130 56 128 77 39 94 87 120 62 88 74 35 38 72 108 58 43 109 57 105 68 86 79 96 143 145 147 149 151 153 155 157 159 161 163 165 12/15  0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 138 140 142 144 146 148 150 152 154 156 158 160 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 97 99 101 103 105 107 109 111 113 115 117 119 143 145 147 149 151 153 155 157 159 161 163 165 13/15  0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 138 140 142 144 146 148 150 152 154 156 158 160 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 97 99 101 103 105 107 109 111 113 115 117 119 143 145 147 149 151 153 155 157 159 161 163 165 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 180) 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 2/15 177 168 78 71 120 60 155 175 9 161 103 31 7 23 51 5 121 83 64 176 119 98 96 39 68 105 85 109 13 33 145 18 12 63 88 25 52 170 24 69 142 178 20 65 160 102 55 139 125 116 138 167 53 169 165 75 135 41 137 76 92 164 113 152 72 36 94 67 122 1 27 171 30 157 112 81 118 10 144 141 132 174 38 17 3/15 92 106 27 126 116 178 41 166 88 84 80 65 8 40 76 140 44 68 125 119 82 53 150 26 59 3 148 173 141 130 154 97 33 110 2 169 47 83 164 155 123 159 42 105 60 79 87 135 10 139 156 177 77 89 73 18 95 124 85 14 78 129 161 19 72 13 29 104 45 56 151 62 43 94 163 99 64 179 37 70 131 55 168 149 4/15 62 44 24 117 8 145 36 79 172 149 127 4 168 54 177 158 113 57 2 102 161 147 159 61 45 156 0 83 157 119 112 118 92 23 34 60 93 165 128 90 19 33 70 173 140 136 10 115 63 46 42 50 138 81 59 35 66 64 7 125 151 56 126 171 68 121 133 43 116 137 94 3 25 134 13 107 162 95 87 155 58 30 148 114 5/15 17 46 10 91 133 69 171 32 117 78 13 93 130 2 104 102 128 4 111 151 84 167 5 31 100 106 48 52 67 107 18 126 112 3 166 105 103 118 63 51 139 172 141 175 153 137 108 159 157 173 23 89 132 57 37 15 154 145 12 170 54 155 99 22 123 72 83 53 24 42 60 26 161 68 178 41 148 163 61 179 136 97 16 88 6/15 26 24 27 80 100 121 107 31 36 42 46 129 52 111 124 48 122 82 106 91 92 71 126 85 123 40 83 53 69 70 132 134 136 162 164 166 168 170 172 174 176 178 4 5 25 67 116 66 104 44 50 47 84 76 65 110 131 98 60 37 45 78 125 41 34 118 32 114 64 55 30 54 133 135 137 139 141 167 169 171 173 175 177 179 7/15 99 89 179 123 149 177 1 132 37 26 16 124 143 28 59 130 31 157 170 44 61 102 147 7 174 6 90 15 56 120 13 34 48 150 87 27 42 3 23 96 171 145 91 24 108 164 12 140 71 63 141 109 129 82 80 94 67 158 10 88 142 45 126 2 86 118 168 11 136 18 138 134 119 146 0 97 22 127 30 98 50 107 35 62 8/15 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 162 164 166 168 170 172 174 176 178 1 3 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 121 123 125 127 129 131 133 135 137 139 141 167 169 171 173 175 177 179 9/15 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 162 164 166 168 170 172 174 176 178 1 3 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 121 123 125 127 129 131 133 135 137 139 141 167 169 171 173 175 177 179 10/15  24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 162 164 166 168 170 172 174 176 178 1 3 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 121 123 125 127 129 131 133 135 137 139 141 167 169 171 173 175 177 179 11/15  26 24 27 80 100 121 107 31 36 42 46 129 52 111 124 48 122 82 106 91 92 71 126 85 123 40 83 53 69 70 132 134 136 162 164 166 168 170 172 174 176 178 4 5 25 67 116 66 104 44 50 47 84 76 65 110 131 98 60 37 45 78 125 41 34 118 32 114 64 55 30 54 133 135 137 139 141 167 169 171 173 175 177 179 12/15  24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 162 164 166 168 170 172 174 176 178 1 3 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 121 123 125 127 129 131 133 135 137 139 141 167 169 171 173 175 177 179 13/15  24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 162 164 166 168 170 172 174 176 178 1 3 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 121 123 125 127 129 131 133 135 137 139 141 167 169 171 173 175 177 179

As another example, it is assumed that the LDPC encoder 410 encodes the LDPC information bits according to the code rate of 2/15, 3/15, 4/15, 5/15, 6/15, 7/15, 8/15, 9/15, 10/15, 11/15, 12/15, and 13/15 to generate the LDPC codeword having a length of 64800 and modulates bits by the 16-QAM in the constellation mapper 430.

In this case, the group interleaver 422 may perform the interleaving using π(j) defined by the Table 10.

TABLE 10 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 180) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 2/15 5 58 29 154 125 34 0 169 80 59 13 42 138 64 136 149 57 18 101 119 35 33 113 75 19 147 111 70 74 79 10 132 1 161 155 90 81 44 63 118 4 158 148 82 69 36 162 86 56 110 21 93 107 85 20 128 109 66 83 12 152 168 14 16 2 137 140 121 173 50 55 94 38 156 131 127 164 102 116 176 30 37 139 95 115 52 6 123 134 31 103 163 65 105 48 25 3/15 52 92 175 26 45 81 117 74 119 147 120 135 174 79 16 176 44 19 69 11 111 121 37 160 9 93 166 78 73 167 168 40 131 27 89 156 13 105 55 122 132 172 2 58 126 162 30 77 83 60 146 124 178 99 123 108 133 159 151 145 4 155 7 57 95 62 56 65 140 163 148 23 115 32 14 179 85 165 112 25 64 173 10 102 91 1 118 136 18 101 149 130 103 106 38 70 4/15 165 8 136 2 58 30 127 64 38 164 123 45 98 157 57 156 170 46 12 172 29 9 3 144 72 125 36 14 55 48 1 149 33 110 6 130 85 11 28 153 73 62 44 135 116 4 61 117 65 99 126 141 43 15 18 90 35 24 142 25 175 87 21 66 106 82 179 118 41 95 145 37 96 133 100 161 143 119 102 59 20 40 70 79 162 76 42 160 115 71 158 54 137 146 32 169 5/15 129 65 160 140 32 50 162 86 177 57 157 9 148 133 99 18 0 167 101 110 135 124 71 107 117 81 125 59 15 137 170 63 112 88 34 61 64 150 10 128 49 26 75 41 102 28 2 168 173 51 29 147 175 90 164 80 131 58 114 145 138 33 47 116 79 174 74 21 6 130 54 109 154 89 132 67 119 143 40 53 20 136 172 91 48 153 11 166 60 111 14 169 95 118 1 126 6/15 55 146 83 52 62 176 160 68 53 56 81 97 144 57 67 116 59 70 156 172 65 149 155 82 14 37 54 44 63 43 18 47 7 25 34 29 27 38 48 33 22 49 51 60 46 21 4 3 127 101 94 115 105 31 19 177 74 10 145 162 78 171 8 142 178 154 85 107 75 12 9 151 150 110 175 166 131 119 103 139 148 157 114 147 11 92 165 84 168 124 169 2 130 167 153 137 7/15 174 148 56 168 38 7 110 9 42 153 160 15 27 119 118 144 31 80 109 73 141 93 45 16 75 67 5 104 125 140 172 8 39 17 29 159 163 116 94 120 71 158 145 37 112 68 95 1 82 178 176 152 23 115 130 98 123 102 24 129 117 91 157 33 105 155 62 162 40 127 14 165 111 106 76 53 61 147 97 175 32 59 166 179 126 151 84 156 30 138 164 132 12 0 20 63 8/15 71 81 170 101 143 77 128 112 155 41 40 54 92 137 27 122 107 135 82 125 103 74 36 9 102 106 149 24 169 113 127 34 165 100 136 75 130 121 48 53 22 129 99 11 33 124 157 161 144 1 61 65 146 42 172 115 59 76 4 162 104 139 80 6 95 87 90 173 163 69 32 8 5 153 49 78 2 109 147 89 166 152 138 31 105 3 164 51 83 174 108 52 17 64 119 45 9/15 23 89 10 142 19 41 1 146 68 87 9 51 149 110 128 172 28 111 78 82 120 71 52 5 131 164 65 76 125 50 16 130 129 143 133 98 36 167 119 27 86 102 48 115 99 38 163 73 24 44 168 80 15 39 178 45 21 37 11 136 57 171 100 117 46 62 33 175 137 59 103 127 105 159 26 96 169 135 109 47 177 56 116 79 34 165 138 7 91 12 145 58 95 2 144 53 10/15  68 71 54 19 25 21 102 32 105 29 16 79 57 28 76 31 26 96 65 119 114 109 9 125 38 77 115 56 87 113 100 75 72 60 47 92 104 8 34 0 84 111 35 30 64 55 80 40 50 33 7 175 51 131 106 134 88 140 117 132 41 158 5 120 12 52 99 146 144 78 155 128 11 27 160 178 133 142 121 168 173 123 13 15 152 177 137 149 167 1 14 169 124 148 164 130 11/15  21 11 12 9 0 6 24 25 85 103 118 122 80 128 68 129 61 124 36 126 117 114 132 136 18 10 13 16 8 26 27 54 111 52 44 87 56 125 53 89 94 50 123 65 83 133 137 141 1 4 7 15 29 82 32 102 76 121 92 130 69 96 120 42 34 79 35 105 134 138 142 146 14 22 28 23 109 51 108 131 33 84 88 64 74 66 60 67 47 112 90 135 139 143 147 151 12/15  120 32 38 113 71 31 65 109 36 106 134 66 125 107 44 99 75 64 78 51 95 88 49 60 67 92 98 42 77 28 121 87 18 21 93 72 85 104 124 52 20 118 34 5 94 41 68 80 173 165 175 166 169 174 159 148 158 155 145 178 163 152 146 177 103 160 147 76 172 144 150 132 119 114 117 115 84 57 62 13 47 24 0 7 102 15 55 23 25 11 56 45 58 128 43 135 13/15  0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 97 101 105 109 113 117 121 125 129 133 137 141 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 54 102 106 110 114 118 122 126 130 134 138 142 146 15 19 23 27 31 35 39 43 47 51 55 59 107 111 115 119 123 127 131 135 139 143 147 151 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 180) 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 2/15 77 167 32 87 24 92 124 143 114 120 166 108 104 3 27 39 172 159 129 62 146 142 15 133 47 112 84 28 160 117 150 49 7 71 22 26 61 40 126 170 177 23 91 68 179 141 97 78 157 72 130 99 165 45 11 144 73 51 98 174 178 17 100 9 122 54 43 135 53 89 106 171 76 175 153 96 151 8 60 67 88 46 41 145 3/15 144 87 3 51 20 170 143 125 15 39 5 88 50 76 129 138 157 86 113 164 142 98 177 171 116 152 0 127 36 8 153 59 75 158 17 96 100 42 63 134 154 6 90 128 61 53 68 31 41 94 35 21 49 82 80 161 169 47 67 139 72 43 110 46 150 109 114 71 66 84 24 141 29 104 107 54 12 48 28 137 97 34 22 33 4/15 78 17 47 105 159 134 124 147 148 109 67 97 83 151 26 52 10 39 50 104 92 163 140 89 77 22 171 139 112 113 152 16 7 53 111 178 94 81 68 114 173 75 101 88 120 19 154 0 174 93 167 150 107 86 129 23 168 166 49 103 108 56 91 69 128 121 80 51 13 177 131 132 176 155 31 63 5 122 138 84 74 60 34 27 5/15 134 104 24 7 122 46 17 77 31 92 163 5 123 69 108 141 179 96 113 83 176 52 106 3 42 100 152 87 171 72 161 4 178 93 156 12 38 45 151 142 44 66 25 139 121 70 115 146 120 55 158 8 39 97 159 76 35 98 155 144 36 94 23 78 165 56 27 13 127 73 105 85 30 103 19 84 37 68 22 149 43 62 16 82 6/15 79 113 163 61 58 69 133 108 66 71 86 138 136 141 111 96 170 90 140 64 159 15 30 26 39 16 41 45 36 0 23 32 28 20 13 50 35 24 40 17 42 6 112 93 102 120 126 95 73 152 129 174 125 72 128 77 117 109 80 106 134 98 1 122 173 161 87 158 121 164 104 89 179 123 118 99 88 143 91 100 5 76 132 135 7/15 46 21 121 88 114 85 13 83 74 81 70 77 108 57 36 78 124 79 169 143 6 58 86 87 41 99 89 47 128 43 161 154 101 113 64 72 90 92 35 167 44 149 66 28 150 34 136 171 54 107 2 3 60 69 10 26 52 19 48 137 4 22 122 173 18 11 135 177 103 100 139 50 146 134 133 96 49 170 142 65 55 25 51 131 8/15 57 28 179 114 97 13 18 151 91 88 79 93 0 86 63 158 148 25 167 116 70 43 134 156 96 84 178 150 140 20 126 73 68 29 123 160 55 26 168 98 67 15 7 94 39 85 12 72 58 44 132 47 141 35 176 154 145 23 177 111 60 38 171 62 46 21 14 131 50 37 16 117 66 19 10 159 142 133 175 110 56 30 120 118 9/15 114 92 121 69 107 97 166 162 55 174 126 141 29 30 132 148 72 85 17 160 156 154 0 42 63 83 173 49 74 43 8 147 61 101 4 153 118 90 124 151 66 93 123 157 113 77 122 158 64 81 6 60 54 35 13 70 108 88 179 40 112 104 170 140 67 32 106 150 25 94 134 152 22 84 176 139 20 75 14 155 18 31 3 161 10/15  53 82 107 91 67 94 85 48 83 58 42 81 43 103 93 70 46 89 112 61 45 66 36 98 4 59 6 44 20 86 3 73 95 97 101 2 69 63 74 62 118 110 159 18 147 153 116 161 10 39 126 136 90 37 174 165 141 179 150 157 171 143 108 170 22 49 154 127 139 151 163 172 138 176 145 129 162 17 156 122 23 166 135 24 11/15  71 101 41 93 55 73 100 40 106 119 45 140 144 148 152 156 160 164 168 172 176 20 113 115 58 116 49 77 95 86 30 78 81 145 149 153 157 161 165 169 173 177 2 17 127 62 107 38 46 43 110 75 104 70 91 150 154 158 162 166 170 174 178 19 5 3 63 59 57 97 98 48 31 99 37 72 39 155 159 163 167 171 175 179 12/15  29 86 136 108 83 70 79 81 105 48 30 54 122 140 137 89 74 129 82 164 59 3 2 142 112 9 50 8 90 139 14 97 63 110 12 133 131 53 116 123 96 61 111 33 126 100 154 156 179 157 46 149 171 37 153 176 168 167 162 170 138 151 161 40 26 130 10 69 19 127 17 16 27 91 4 73 35 1 143 141 6 22 101 39 13/15  48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 140 144 148 152 156 160 164 168 172 176 1 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93 145 149 153 157 161 165 169 173 177 2 6 58 62 66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94 98 150 154 158 162 166 170 174 178 3 7 11 63 67 71 75 79 83 87 91 95 99 103 155 159 163 167 171 175 179

As another example, it is assumed that the LDPC encoder 410 encodes the LDPC information bits according to the code rate of 2/15, 3/15, 4/15, 5/15, 6/15, 7/15, 8/15, 9/15, 10/15, 11/15, 12/15, and 13/15 to generate the LDPC codeword having a length of 64800 and modulates bits by the 64-QAM in the constellation mapper 430.

In this case, the group interleaver 422 may perform the interleaving using π(j) defined by the Table 11.

TABLE 11 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 180) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 2/15 57 149 83 142 29 20 30 52 5 100 156 22 88 162 32 107 3 97 166 125 129 1 6 68 75 172 23 154 12 146 19 135 48 170 123 147 109 157 177 153 165 66 152 77 98 131 11 81 37 63 31 41 140 118 94 27 10 70 56 93 161 145 71 114 7 105 133 84 86 17 21 28 73 8 116 79 120 69 53 115 67 104 16 173 47 103 113 136 168 102 14 45 72 25 50 34 3/15 74 72 104 62 122 35 130 0 95 150 139 151 100 115 101 7 21 141 30 8 1 93 92 163 144 156 54 164 12 63 39 22 25 137 13 41 20 84 58 26 126 170 103 11 33 172 155 116 124 6 168 107 60 76 143 121 42 157 65 43 73 67 53 61 4 86 99 75 36 15 48 177 10 134 147 96 160 50 146 16 38 78 91 152 14 40 32 114 106 17 110 140 71 136 112 45 4/15 141 80 47 89 44 7 46 11 175 173 99 2 95 92 4 16 49 137 104 29 9 60 167 50 114 131 106 76 118 66 24 58 122 150 57 149 153 72 36 5 96 120 134 101 61 115 0 28 127 151 87 54 20 139 140 152 13 91 111 25 148 70 160 51 21 116 48 157 17 125 142 83 147 56 100 63 26 169 135 15 75 84 163 79 105 158 117 34 109 67 62 32 119 124 171 8 5/15 166 54 6 27 141 134 58 46 55 91 56 100 165 17 127 57 88 35 72 5 63 118 1 85 59 149 11 8 154 129 33 15 143 4 95 101 175 157 41 38 128 161 52 142 7 26 145 2 37 74 164 168 160 122 60 32 24 138 75 69 124 151 67 13 94 105 133 64 76 153 31 136 25 45 22 30 156 158 163 135 21 146 90 169 113 162 89 47 43 86 48 107 71 137 51 174 6/15 29 17 38 37 27 43 31 35 16 46 44 9 24 56 49 26 42 69 47 59 61 66 52 64 160 7 13 55 62 53 63 58 3 167 71 57 113 48 88 2 129 137 20 73 166 75 77 142 82 176 152 134 139 148 164 99 173 104 83 106 110 118 127 84 79 108 126 131 93 111 91 4 12 146 96 81 165 8 89 138 105 141 103 6 87 33 130 124 175 120 90 102 10 114 159 76 7/15 103 36 155 175 52 130 16 178 141 86 49 129 2 17 37 146 169 54 134 101 78 135 70 153 59 133 15 79 164 67 50 128 23 34 154 69 176 46 13 22 30 163 60 114 11 92 44 157 136 64 107 14 99 43 115 71 117 12 26 38 75 144 179 51 120 20 80 160 174 106 1 21 28 42 161 168 53 7 100 40 145 171 55 3 122 93 76 138 166 108 121 97 81 148 65 111 8/15 86 71 51 48 89 94 46 81 67 49 80 37 42 91 62 50 90 40 78 53 58 47 85 70 77 95 66 59 83 73 17 87 3 75 65 88 9 121 108 139 142 24 34 20 157 159 138 143 27 26 16 98 102 103 133 161 21 25 107 153 68 134 41 74 179 2 129 169 101 99 109 127 13 39 7 164 106 172 154 149 10 173 131 167 104 124 177 97 130 118 137 111 126 120 105 115 9/15 175 60 133 11 5 4 70 97 131 80 42 136 172 23 90 54 160 48 173 27 100 129 14 7 105 146 49 93 1 84 81 145 18 15 106 91 130 140 8 25 74 134 115 9 171 46 68 33 122 118 162 121 16 73 45 53 77 110 30 66 98 114 117 152 174 47 62 128 85 155 178 26 35 101 149 108 3 154 51 95 132 135 163 137 168 55 65 34 6 159 170 57 67 40 89 147 10/15  16 163 92 56 111 141 65 118 78 55 5 148 168 20 115 87 122 9 166 27 155 94 134 38 34 138 73 154 100 58 103 169 23 117 88 50 59 3 139 69 110 77 131 42 142 25 158 80 41 51 10 173 63 107 125 48 11 177 24 30 119 93 159 36 174 26 112 101 123 44 145 60 62 108 95 49 31 147 71 113 89 132 6 144 179 28 160 136 121 14 146 15 106 86 129 12 11/15  12 15 2 16 27 50 35 74 38 70 108 32 138 144 150 156 162 168 174 0 14 9 5 23 81 99 53 55 103 95 133 139 145 151 157 163 46 65 129 107 75 119 110 31 43 97 78 125 6 8 24 44 101 94 118 130 69 71 83 34 153 159 165 171 177 3 20 7 17 25 87 41 113 92 51 98 136 142 148 154 160 166 172 178 114 93 82 111 109 67 79 123 64 76 33 137 12/15  83 93 94 47 55 40 38 77 110 124 87 61 37 10 95 139 131 44 57 97 53 142 0 136 101 79 22 68 73 23 18 81 98 112 8 128 82 113 134 52 105 78 27 135 96 56 140 64 29 133 106 117 127 32 42 58 71 118 51 84 116 123 114 70 107 178 145 173 36 144 130 176 165 161 151 119 122 152 157 4 137 148 153 170 147 146 1 149 158 179 12 5 160 177 60 24 13/15  146 91 63 144 46 12 58 137 25 79 70 33 23 133 153 128 86 152 106 53 93 61 5 158 151 114 113 43 138 89 159 17 120 136 102 81 40 174 6 131 48 18 1 179 34 123 77 26 140 87 175 115 4 101 69 80 169 75 49 97 42 28 32 171 119 55 94 65 20 165 3 47 127 100 110 31 167 13 122 145 71 22 173 116 107 9 98 74 45 161 112 50 99 24 35 164 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 180) 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 2/15 130 167 121 126 137 158 132 82 138 128 89 148 40 87 0 80 49 24 78 101 43 112 95 91 13 35 127 61 60 139 44 59 55 62 175 141 171 51 155 76 150 174 58 143 176 124 151 106 46 163 179 4 18 144 178 54 74 65 110 122 169 64 111 119 42 85 92 15 159 134 99 96 117 38 9 26 164 36 90 160 2 33 39 108 3/15 133 109 31 59 18 148 9 105 57 132 102 108 52 159 24 89 117 88 178 113 98 179 44 80 87 111 145 23 85 166 83 55 154 169 142 70 161 47 3 162 77 19 28 97 173 56 171 90 131 119 94 5 68 138 149 167 174 51 176 81 120 158 123 34 49 128 46 127 27 175 135 79 125 82 2 129 153 64 29 69 118 66 37 165 4/15 155 52 86 128 174 33 170 31 35 162 64 23 43 176 121 71 132 103 144 39 12 90 93 53 14 73 165 82 126 97 59 133 154 42 18 145 156 85 146 6 161 10 22 138 123 77 78 69 3 177 41 81 19 107 45 110 37 98 179 129 168 172 1 40 166 159 143 113 94 74 102 30 38 178 68 108 136 55 65 130 88 112 27 164 5/15 172 80 18 152 12 108 170 29 144 147 106 77 61 62 84 159 92 102 98 177 132 139 53 42 40 9 111 130 123 82 81 114 119 68 28 126 121 70 16 65 83 125 50 79 0 36 97 117 14 109 173 120 112 87 176 140 150 39 96 66 3 115 20 99 171 49 78 93 178 116 19 155 110 73 104 167 44 103 131 179 148 10 23 34 6/15 23 1 34 45 14 18 156 19 22 40 50 65 67 54 170 68 132 51 70 41 21 5 151 60 36 25 74 39 32 72 85 86 107 174 15 149 28 145 92 169 30 133 163 119 112 135 153 0 128 144 98 171 94 97 143 125 162 157 158 109 140 123 154 150 80 11 100 161 172 78 101 115 179 147 116 136 122 177 178 121 168 95 117 155 7/15 73 84 142 177 110 8 96 77 139 167 109 6 29 41 143 63 47 124 90 31 152 98 45 9 27 35 156 170 113 127 102 82 149 74 48 132 24 87 140 66 118 123 104 89 147 62 57 131 94 33 151 172 116 10 25 88 137 61 105 5 18 32 158 72 56 125 95 83 162 173 119 126 91 39 150 165 112 4 19 85 159 68 58 0 8/15 55 61 36 57 52 92 60 82 76 72 44 4 69 43 54 84 93 38 8 64 6 18 79 14 151 117 32 22 123 30 33 162 144 29 140 163 150 175 114 31 12 35 145 28 45 156 23 125 141 56 166 5 1 170 119 168 176 11 0 122 110 113 146 132 165 19 63 147 155 100 171 158 160 15 178 148 152 136 112 96 135 116 174 128 9/15 50 104 32 75 176 87 109 61 39 107 0 142 20 103 38 126 157 144 21 64 44 79 12 169 63 71 125 37 120 138 17 113 31 116 2 179 52 92 36 78 164 177 24 72 29 76 158 148 111 94 43 83 139 10 56 96 41 82 150 143 58 69 127 86 13 141 28 102 123 112 151 167 59 19 156 119 153 165 22 99 124 88 161 166 10/15  19 153 75 128 32 178 22 156 99 124 4 137 67 161 90 127 43 171 64 162 98 133 13 175 68 39 102 54 37 149 29 150 104 47 35 143 72 151 84 57 8 176 61 46 91 76 109 140 74 114 82 120 1 79 66 157 97 45 33 167 70 152 85 126 40 135 18 105 83 130 2 172 17 164 81 52 7 170 21 116 96 53 0 165 11/15  112 54 30 122 72 116 36 90 49 85 132 66 68 52 96 117 84 128 100 63 60 127 169 175 10 22 13 11 28 104 37 57 115 58 134 140 146 152 158 164 170 176 4 19 86 124 48 106 89 40 102 91 135 141 147 120 47 80 59 62 88 45 56 131 61 126 21 18 1 26 29 39 73 121 105 77 42 143 149 155 161 167 173 179 12/15  102 76 33 35 92 59 74 11 138 72 67 9 143 86 100 21 15 75 62 19 65 129 103 25 43 126 54 90 28 109 46 91 41 66 89 34 120 108 63 45 69 121 88 39 85 80 104 132 111 30 26 48 50 31 141 171 175 125 99 162 159 20 164 115 169 172 154 166 13 150 16 167 174 163 49 6 168 156 7 155 17 3 2 14 13/15  134 148 66 38 163 118 139 130 72 92 160 172 121 135 44 149 168 0 124 143 27 30 170 176 142 104 21 78 155 8 52 95 62 84 157 85 56 147 67 76 162 10 51 103 154 83 14 2 132 96 16 37 166 109 54 90 117 88 177 11 59 68 73 41 150 111 126 141 29 39 178 57 125 36 19 7 156 64 129 15 60 82 108 105

As another example, it is assumed that the LDPC encoder 410 encodes the LDPC information bits according to the code rate of 2/15, 3/15, 4/15, 5/15, 6/15, 7/15, 8/15, 9/15, 10/15, 11/15, 12/15, and 13/15 to generate the LDPC codeword having a length of 64800 and modulates bits by the 256-QAM in the constellation mapper 430.

In this case, the group interleaver 422 may perform the interleaving using π(j) defined by the Table 12.

TABLE 12 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 180) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 2/15 112 78 104 6 59 80 49 120 114 27 113 3 109 44 8 47 176 117 68 122 148 79 73 7 166 51 50 116 24 35 55 38 88 54 2 15 19 67 101 74 169 138 135 123 25 140 156 58 33 119 111 146 129 150 147 97 13 5 108 145 23 70 20 173 159 100 128 172 170 1 92 131 75 155 14 9 149 63 11 134 53 99 17 57 124 46 171 141 133 85 177 132 26 160 42 34 82 96 52 28 126 143 167 76 86 130 110 174 16 165 56 84 3/15 136 28 85 38 40 89 133 117 3 58 154 77 14 179 66 109 126 10 155 70 157 105 175 67 158 32 42 147 90 174 13 47 76 88 86 108 27 18 12 8 61 145 98 176 29 68 168 124 21 35 150 131 159 163 84 23 46 94 80 129 142 128 148 111 134 173 60 118 2 170 114 91 78 107 172 25 36 164 149 153 110 44 146 82 79 141 138 122 53 160 81 16 100 130 71 121 132 9 151 161 63 55 139 166 97 19 51 72 167 106 48 144 4/15 13 121 137 29 27 1 70 116 35 132 109 51 55 58 21 127 52 90 22 100 123 69 112 155 92 151 59 5 124 78 166 8 61 97 120 103 4 19 64 79 28 134 17 150 76 42 39 23 153 95 66 50 141 176 34 161 144 54 115 146 101 172 114 119 3 96 133 99 167 164 38 143 159 130 84 169 18 138 102 72 47 32 160 82 62 178 48 163 117 110 91 37 80 105 31 174 111 49 177 154 6 162 129 77 36 165 20 89 140 15 33 104 5/15 39 45 128 84 143 148 2 75 43 50 130 87 137 151 177 37 124 99 83 23 159 0 176 41 121 96 89 30 14 179 62 48 129 105 146 160 16 174 33 54 132 112 165 4 67 36 44 101 81 141 156 3 175 58 47 91 26 167 1 173 38 116 131 107 138 162 8 72 42 115 110 28 147 19 169 61 46 97 106 144 164 5 70 59 126 111 29 155 15 170 57 120 125 80 142 168 11 68 122 93 86 25 163 20 79 35 114 135 109 22 157 12 6/15 99 100 15 107 54 76 153 174 61 0 36 71 62 137 117 35 93 43 90 154 73 150 165 23 16 91 5 169 110 80 58 55 40 103 159 83 127 111 155 167 11 52 6 131 29 51 21 17 45 126 12 3 168 41 30 37 14 60 82 134 25 33 50 84 28 105 123 145 7 27 63 101 18 66 129 24 4 119 87 42 170 143 121 38 69 53 130 104 161 75 141 9 47 79 162 146 124 157 13 85 88 135 144 173 163 20 46 97 94 139 172 72 7/15 24 157 0 43 126 172 135 65 32 18 114 42 162 67 58 79 154 3 95 168 73 103 60 84 148 113 40 164 138 53 85 12 117 36 122 66 107 64 28 147 2 90 176 106 59 80 19 6 92 129 174 99 62 82 13 121 159 69 142 52 77 21 119 38 167 178 101 56 87 155 88 165 177 108 47 27 149 115 33 161 72 102 57 86 8 93 130 170 133 44 78 150 118 94 158 76 134 46 17 116 34 125 175 105 45 30 153 10 98 124 74 137 8/15 85 3 148 161 96 99 154 13 78 160 61 36 21 141 139 46 10 56 67 108 134 111 105 66 89 137 130 104 117 146 53 2 60 93 91 71 114 19 47 4 26 75 42 170 62 80 164 65 128 12 142 167 155 88 8 22 102 140 173 147 83 165 30 126 100 138 171 103 45 159 124 94 133 172 149 86 77 25 68 177 64 174 15 0 55 28 101 150 110 18 119 5 29 76 107 136 112 144 166 23 129 79 37 175 152 87 6 58 127 98 123 39 9/15 58 70 23 32 26 63 55 48 35 41 53 20 38 51 104 106 89 27 0 119 21 4 49 46 100 13 36 57 101 15 91 25 93 132 69 87 47 59 67 124 17 11 92 56 30 34 60 107 24 52 94 64 5 71 90 66 28 130 14 162 144 166 108 153 115 135 120 122 112 139 81 105 128 116 150 155 76 18 142 170 175 83 146 78 137 152 3 173 148 72 158 117 1 6 12 8 161 74 160 111 10 149 80 75 165 157 174 129 145 114 125 154 10/15  45 31 67 35 159 157 177 2 44 23 73 148 163 118 3 12 32 140 42 167 166 41 126 13 30 144 57 113 104 174 11 151 71 109 162 79 171 127 46 92 38 132 139 99 125 48 93 135 161 77 110 107 121 18 95 69 86 116 172 130 49 25 40 65 87 108 101 5 21 89 34 160 155 175 124 15 28 134 62 119 145 72 10 58 137 56 165 115 114 0 47 27 22 20 168 154 102 123 90 70 138 84 117 178 122 19 96 156 55 78 158 169 11/15  27 68 35 117 138 83 127 10 60 73 47 115 155 81 161 22 20 39 106 147 90 126 165 23 16 45 113 154 128 163 31 72 33 101 134 80 175 7 61 19 49 111 89 129 8 28 15 34 105 146 84 174 4 32 75 44 141 87 131 157 63 11 48 108 151 79 177 168 26 17 120 153 97 121 0 55 14 46 114 152 91 178 3 30 51 99 144 85 123 162 56 12 53 119 139 78 179 5 69 38 109 143 88 124 160 59 67 41 104 149 98 176 12/15  51 122 91 111 95 100 119 130 78 57 65 26 61 126 14 3 21 71 134 2 0 140 106 7 118 23 35 20 129 107 30 45 137 114 37 87 53 85 101 141 120 99 97 38 124 86 33 74 32 29 128 67 104 80 127 56 54 40 81 103 121 76 44 84 96 123 154 98 82 142 36 59 90 79 52 133 60 92 139 110 27 73 43 77 164 158 157 160 150 171 167 145 151 153 9 155 170 146 148 172 178 24 22 179 4 163 174 173 19 10 177 12 13/15  59 85 108 128 49 91 163 3 58 16 106 126 74 141 42 62 21 102 131 52 142 157 10 55 79 24 130 73 159 43 148 19 23 111 76 135 169 39 63 77 25 117 138 158 38 64 86 105 118 50 137 175 7 144 84 22 51 139 156 37 147 78 103 115 66 97 168 34 60 83 124 71 136 154 0 150 20 101 112 70 96 170 1 149 29 116 72 88 165 8 143 12 31 119 47 89 164 40 15 100 129 67 133 166 41 56 18 32 120 69 132 161 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 180) 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 175 176 177 178 179 2/15 69 164 91 137 39 31 21 127 151 66 152 61 29 107 22 154 118 94 41 162 175 136 62 161 121 163 115 18 60 4 81 168 43 105 36 65 37 83 102 103 157 139 179 32 144 90 30 98 64 40 87 158 77 93 48 10 142 125 178 153 72 45 89 95 0 106 12 71 3/15 96 101 26 169 37 83 162 165 24 140 30 7 92 59 119 56 0 5 75 125 112 69 120 137 116 20 178 123 65 103 93 99 102 31 64 74 135 1 115 143 95 177 73 43 11 127 45 33 50 41 52 156 34 4 22 113 6 152 15 171 17 57 49 87 104 62 54 39 4/15 11 67 136 25 145 7 75 107 45 179 44 87 56 139 65 170 46 0 93 86 60 135 126 53 63 14 122 26 106 10 43 85 131 2 147 148 9 142 68 149 94 83 16 175 73 81 168 30 12 173 156 158 125 98 113 108 74 157 128 24 118 40 88 152 71 171 57 41 5/15 7 71 55 51 133 90 140 149 6 161 18 172 60 49 134 104 139 166 145 150 9 77 34 117 92 82 136 102 32 158 13 178 63 118 100 85 98 108 24 152 17 171 64 123 94 53 127 88 31 153 10 73 66 119 56 52 95 103 27 154 21 78 40 69 65 74 76 113 6/15 108 114 65 98 151 19 112 109 152 175 120 149 26 59 49 56 156 136 116 142 133 1 2 96 77 86 122 64 164 78 8 118 113 39 48 140 34 92 115 147 74 10 68 102 67 57 95 148 89 81 158 171 32 22 70 106 31 132 166 128 138 125 44 160 176 177 178 179 7/15 104 61 23 11 4 96 163 75 109 173 143 49 29 156 7 89 132 179 131 70 144 55 26 15 112 35 128 41 127 71 139 63 25 151 9 39 5 91 166 169 146 50 81 20 111 16 110 97 123 68 100 48 31 14 83 152 1 37 160 171 136 54 22 51 120 141 140 145 8/15 121 115 82 1 59 72 43 135 168 143 113 11 84 157 32 73 90 38 109 41 50 153 54 163 31 24 106 131 158 33 178 145 70 9 51 69 27 74 97 122 120 16 52 162 132 125 63 35 34 40 179 20 44 7 48 81 57 49 92 95 118 17 156 14 116 169 176 151 9/15 61 65 44 29 7 2 113 68 96 98 102 9 42 39 33 62 22 95 31 43 40 37 85 50 97 140 45 103 88 86 84 19 169 159 147 126 151 156 16 172 164 123 99 54 136 109 73 131 127 82 167 77 110 79 143 133 168 171 134 163 138 121 141 118 176 177 178 179 10/15  176 4 14 97 142 37 143 149 179 147 173 6 52 24 39 64 80 112 81 120 100 1 53 88 76 60 103 63 83 111 170 7 16 98 141 61 75 43 82 146 105 128 17 29 106 91 74 36 68 150 8 9 54 26 50 94 66 33 85 59 164 131 51 129 133 152 136 153 11/15  170 9 65 66 52 112 150 77 171 86 173 158 24 71 40 107 136 94 135 92 130 6 62 74 43 116 133 118 132 96 169 159 58 18 42 100 36 102 137 95 122 1 25 21 50 13 37 103 145 82 125 166 57 76 64 70 54 110 148 93 172 164 29 2 167 156 140 142 12/15  105 143 70 132 39 102 115 116 6 17 50 48 112 13 66 5 75 42 88 117 64 28 135 138 108 113 58 34 89 94 49 55 93 136 68 62 46 169 131 72 47 69 125 31 83 109 63 41 168 147 161 165 175 162 166 149 15 159 11 176 152 156 144 16 1 8 18 25 13/15  167 35 57 82 30 123 68 95 160 92 179 2 61 11 104 122 45 140 75 94 155 5 145 14 26 127 46 113 54 98 172 9 146 17 27 114 107 121 48 93 174 33 65 87 99 80 28 125 53 90 173 6 153 13 151 81 109 110 44 134 162 36 152 4 177 176 178 171

As another example, it is assumed that the LDPC encoder 410 encodes the LDPC information bits according to the code rate of 2/15, 3/15, 4/15, 5/15, 6/15, 7/15, 8/15, 9/15, 10/15, 11/15, 12/15, and 13/15 to generate the LDPC codeword having a length of 64800 and modulates bits by the 1024-QAM in the constellation mapper 430.

In this case, the group interleaver 422 may perform the interleaving using π(j) defined by the Table 13.

TABLE 13 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 180) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 2/15 157 25 107 160 37 138 111 35 29 44 15 162 66 20 10 164 152 57 110 83 167 169 16 6 172 62 173 7 40 132 42 30 163 161 55 143 63 117 86 121 2 28 46 118 114 127 135 92 76 19 94 179 3 52 101 137 68 82 59 119 64 31 61 105 103 151 124 70 8 155 109 100 125 11 116 34 36 176 170 156 136 171 122 78 165 153 12 81 77 60 93 104 13 5 88 96 141 133 112 65 0 130 32 168 33 131 22 38 56 80 95 71 3/15 113 153 13 8 103 115 137 69 151 111 18 38 42 150 126 106 24 100 93 21 35 143 57 166 65 53 41 122 17 168 56 12 39 176 131 132 51 89 101 160 49 87 46 33 114 108 82 125 109 95 174 62 164 144 16 121 172 112 19 133 102 75 45 86 63 22 54 105 155 77 123 5 34 71 96 175 10 30 72 28 74 154 61 91 147 59 116 120 3 64 140 67 94 27 9 81 43 11 47 1 156 142 170 171 48 177 66 161 79 73 76 173 4/15 114 133 4 73 8 139 7 5 177 88 66 11 24 74 51 68 110 6 1 16 132 130 143 169 2 20 140 94 166 115 106 160 84 136 175 0 26 151 69 174 59 159 33 125 111 63 124 98 40 145 9 39 155 149 147 67 127 13 152 129 123 141 109 89 121 50 10 37 104 144 12 105 41 154 99 25 171 92 17 134 19 61 32 85 36 42 78 31 97 55 58 116 90 168 43 72 15 112 150 77 79 122 47 28 135 100 83 65 131 75 157 62 5/15 128 4 162 8 77 29 91 44 176 107 149 1 150 9 50 174 54 111 40 156 92 46 11 17 52 47 97 179 114 69 96 32 134 55 167 132 123 136 112 102 159 31 85 53 7 39 117 170 138 116 126 161 120 57 13 76 10 103 166 95 125 172 67 30 177 73 151 169 163 23 135 146 72 142 34 133 0 148 89 168 60 109 83 18 21 75 110 80 14 49 82 143 115 178 154 100 59 74 45 164 16 113 79 22 28 66 106 130 171 147 90 144 6/15 66 21 51 55 54 24 33 12 70 63 47 65 145 8 56 2 43 64 58 67 53 68 61 39 52 69 1 22 25 44 136 29 36 26 126 177 15 37 148 9 13 45 178 28 34 106 127 76 131 105 138 75 130 101 167 117 143 81 32 96 3 78 107 86 98 16 162 150 111 158 144 151 90 11 156 100 175 83 155 159 128 88 87 93 141 129 146 122 73 112 132 125 174 169 168 79 84 118 104 134 82 95 133 164 154 120 110 170 114 153 72 109 7/15 117 61 46 179 24 161 142 133 11 6 121 44 103 76 175 18 160 138 147 10 0 125 57 49 75 21 154 140 97 129 30 7 122 54 99 74 19 153 94 128 15 170 2 83 62 45 176 108 71 91 131 34 168 82 56 102 101 178 113 67 98 152 14 5 118 41 104 177 114 70 158 93 149 27 4 86 38 53 77 115 159 143 130 35 16 3 85 37 107 172 116 156 95 144 17 165 81 43 39 47 171 112 69 141 145 28 1 88 42 52 79 25 8/15 77 48 82 51 57 69 65 6 71 90 84 81 50 88 18 38 89 49 93 36 64 47 40 42 76 70 56 3 87 67 86 10 1 58 17 14 175 91 68 85 94 15 83 46 44 102 30 112 122 110 29 20 105 138 101 174 28 26 45 24 23 21 157 98 35 95 22 32 103 27 159 155 179 160 161 130 123 172 139 124 153 0 109 167 148 158 129 163 176 151 171 8 106 144 150 169 108 162 142 104 115 135 121 100 12 170 156 126 5 127 154 97 9/15 42 36 135 126 3 17 82 87 172 32 65 70 143 131 128 8 9 146 73 162 164 57 64 139 91 5 110 150 89 78 177 19 46 50 102 103 122 4 74 161 175 34 21 40 61 140 138 113 112 157 151 23 30 69 41 94 92 105 12 13 154 159 178 24 44 49 107 98 16 2 123 160 77 25 170 54 39 90 95 121 11 72 153 169 26 29 37 55 99 142 108 114 86 88 166 163 59 63 53 130 137 125 6 158 84 20 174 38 68 127 106 14 10/15  100 22 60 121 40 44 164 170 176 101 88 26 35 4 112 132 106 42 56 151 147 82 49 91 64 179 89 160 109 96 135 146 55 38 166 117 65 127 120 129 15 136 161 46 51 94 61 83 67 156 33 144 148 163 47 92 7 10 29 19 104 128 142 1 79 107 162 0 118 66 134 41 158 178 138 76 50 78 84 172 48 133 168 125 5 11 68 95 27 110 93 62 102 137 126 150 87 105 70 45 165 111 73 36 157 171 3 20 18 90 12 59 11/15  33 73 90 107 99 94 53 151 124 8 12 117 21 58 62 109 75 42 146 118 153 85 10 131 70 32 41 24 149 161 173 4 28 23 127 148 34 61 96 144 171 140 139 81 47 164 92 63 105 108 170 3 135 101 121 68 22 103 86 169 134 44 175 167 89 128 27 31 56 43 78 154 176 174 5 82 11 25 80 130 163 88 36 166 178 0 98 64 54 100 37 79 69 38 177 136 114 17 76 13 18 115 71 91 179 112 155 15 14 26 60 29 12/15  91 19 11 106 14 40 20 67 32 22 31 23 78 68 133 4 2 21 122 38 12 69 111 81 82 58 46 112 80 76 138 87 85 65 130 57 102 83 64 86 100 39 30 45 94 26 116 98 37 55 44 70 25 7 34 114 29 62 50 139 56 109 77 59 127 142 96 105 99 90 178 129 18 131 42 165 101 134 36 140 132 103 72 164 63 107 162 157 66 104 17 147 167 174 179 3 173 160 16 15 148 5 146 163 172 175 151 169 176 150 153 171 13/15  49 2 57 47 31 35 24 39 59 0 45 41 55 53 23 34 54 1 36 44 52 40 58 122 46 42 30 3 85 147 63 81 77 61 5 26 62 64 74 70 82 149 6 60 154 103 95 101 143 9 89 141 128 97 137 133 88 94 10 8 14 96 104 92 132 142 100 98 12 102 112 114 29 110 134 116 15 127 125 123 120 148 151 113 105 115 111 131 107 121 18 170 164 20 140 160 166 162 157 159 171 161 118 17 163 21 165 19 179 177 167 138 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 180) 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 175 176 177 178 179 2/15 49 126 89 147 159 174 142 26 146 145 4 67 115 50 39 72 79 74 69 150 24 177 43 158 27 21 128 84 73 108 91 120 47 1 102 58 90 166 41 45 178 113 140 75 148 87 106 123 149 17 99 175 18 9 154 144 48 97 23 14 98 53 134 85 139 129 51 54 3/15 179 130 148 6 4 31 44 68 145 7 29 25 136 162 158 26 124 32 14 55 127 37 169 110 83 134 107 58 80 2 163 159 157 90 104 23 178 70 98 40 118 84 78 0 99 85 135 152 15 88 165 60 52 149 167 139 92 129 20 117 128 50 119 97 36 141 146 138 4/15 49 45 167 81 117 137 46 22 165 21 91 126 172 27 162 34 113 142 161 170 52 164 80 108 3 23 101 76 48 120 119 53 54 138 179 156 86 178 96 148 128 56 64 153 95 102 14 71 146 163 173 118 57 18 93 60 38 103 87 158 35 29 176 70 44 30 107 82 5/15 119 99 71 124 104 41 62 5 118 24 153 145 129 2 12 88 101 139 87 141 15 61 84 98 37 63 20 6 121 155 175 38 158 35 86 78 108 43 81 157 58 105 65 26 122 27 131 70 56 48 64 93 68 127 152 51 137 140 36 42 19 25 94 165 3 173 160 33 6/15 0 57 23 71 59 14 40 42 62 31 161 38 30 19 17 18 4 41 46 152 50 49 27 77 60 35 48 173 113 108 92 135 124 121 97 149 172 139 74 142 166 7 5 119 20 103 94 140 165 6 137 157 10 85 179 147 91 160 163 115 89 80 102 171 176 99 116 123 7/15 22 63 136 151 33 8 123 60 105 150 9 169 124 55 48 173 23 157 87 59 51 80 111 64 137 146 13 72 26 155 92 132 31 166 119 36 96 134 32 162 84 40 100 174 110 163 89 58 106 73 20 66 90 127 50 78 109 68 135 126 29 167 120 65 139 148 12 164 8/15 61 55 53 73 39 13 79 75 41 72 2 54 52 145 19 78 80 63 43 74 60 66 37 92 4 9 16 33 137 136 131 166 59 34 62 125 113 31 119 173 168 118 120 114 149 128 107 117 147 177 96 164 152 11 143 111 141 133 178 134 146 99 132 140 116 165 7 25 9/15 10 1 85 147 31 176 66 47 97 83 18 27 48 45 133 132 111 124 60 58 136 100 115 118 81 75 28 96 7 109 152 149 33 179 71 43 76 155 35 168 62 56 129 141 116 167 51 67 104 134 0 117 79 80 101 93 119 15 144 145 165 22 52 120 148 156 171 173 10/15  21 173 140 145 175 174 81 28 72 52 139 17 97 63 116 131 154 71 74 23 98 43 123 130 69 99 143 2 122 24 86 75 108 152 14 77 54 153 141 9 85 37 32 114 53 13 169 25 16 8 124 159 167 58 113 30 119 6 103 57 31 149 80 39 115 34 177 155 11/15  158 77 72 59 123 2 125 157 50 143 113 1 93 162 20 35 74 45 119 16 126 39 40 57 165 106 172 6 111 65 147 150 122 7 84 46 102 156 160 141 67 9 110 159 133 137 104 48 129 87 95 55 49 145 52 19 30 97 51 168 132 138 83 116 66 120 142 152 12/15  79 141 117 95 88 136 52 121 1 60 33 73 53 92 75 48 47 110 49 125 108 119 6 118 35 61 71 135 128 137 84 51 28 97 27 89 13 124 120 115 126 143 149 74 41 93 54 166 43 123 113 0 154 10 155 161 152 156 177 24 170 9 159 158 168 144 8 145 13/15  51 37 33 43 56 38 48 32 50 75 73 65 145 71 79 67 69 83 76 4 78 84 80 86 66 68 72 7 13 99 91 93 87 11 136 90 152 139 150 106 146 130 27 108 153 126 124 135 129 109 25 28 158 117 119 155 168 178 22 174 172 176 16 173 156 144 169 175

As another example, it is assumed that the LDPC encoder 410 encodes the LDPC information bits according to the code rate of 2/15, 3/15, 4/15, 5/15, 6/15, 7/15, 8/15, 9/15, 10/15, 11/15, 12/15, and 13/15 to generate the LDPC codeword having a length of 64800 and modulates bits by the 4096-QAM in the constellation mapper 430.

In this case, the group interleaver 422 may perform the interleaving using π(j) defined by the Table 14.

TABLE 14 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 180) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 2/15 14 129 71 96 171 36 144 64 162 4 86 128 113 7 118 158 126 17 55 45 111 138 84 6 52 167 38 20 154 15 146 116 63 1 114 83 124 109 39 75 123 57 99 34 147 166 56 155 176 95 102 119 161 37 159 97 87 103 179 172 66 59 8 145 88 132 110 54 47 153 24 19 53 136 48 76 35 151 173 149 142 160 94 117 60 135 168 23 100 134 90 98 125 85 137 81 41 156 139 93 46 12 175 130 51 178 92 115 174 27 70 58 3/15 136 20 44 36 17 120 89 142 66 35 42 116 14 119 175 41 145 100 131 173 179 16 77 112 40 58 23 82 79 137 53 96 33 70 19 38 121 90 118 126 165 109 134 177 139 3 113 172 9 50 138 61 93 94 88 132 101 155 95 54 85 13 39 15 76 130 97 110 174 72 28 160 149 133 104 81 69 84 4 6 147 48 115 169 171 135 52 5 141 65 75 163 43 144 167 159 129 46 32 18 51 87 114 64 22 164 24 123 27 62 124 152 4/15 91 52 36 30 35 6 121 29 150 47 163 2 89 39 129 10 9 15 162 21 171 43 44 132 158 104 4 72 161 88 148 42 160 109 100 126 138 108 38 25 3 112 178 68 26 130 140 115 152 139 37 22 102 14 118 11 93 7 79 5 137 165 59 77 55 80 117 13 173 144 142 27 136 18 111 175 123 147 114 19 125 166 149 113 170 128 97 16 60 110 156 45 82 105 62 99 23 92 116 75 127 81 67 179 174 70 12 58 87 176 0 51 5/15 146 89 57 16 164 138 91 78 90 66 122 12 9 157 56 61 168 18 161 95 99 139 22 65 130 166 118 150 88 47 0 58 105 43 80 64 107 21 55 151 8 145 3 13 34 160 102 125 114 152 84 32 97 33 60 62 127 132 104 53 162 103 120 54 155 116 48 77 76 73 143 178 108 39 140 106 40 5 25 81 176 101 124 126 170 35 175 137 15 24 69 96 30 117 67 171 149 169 131 85 110 94 135 172 148 50 154 42 70 115 26 83 6/15 66 21 51 55 117 24 33 12 70 63 47 65 145 8 56 2 43 64 58 67 53 68 61 39 52 69 1 22 25 44 136 29 36 26 126 177 62 37 148 9 13 45 178 28 34 106 127 76 131 105 138 75 130 101 167 54 143 81 32 96 3 78 107 86 98 16 162 150 111 158 144 151 90 11 156 100 175 83 155 159 128 88 87 93 141 129 146 122 73 112 132 125 174 169 168 79 84 118 104 134 82 95 133 164 154 120 110 170 114 153 72 109 7/15 59 60 0 48 87 30 29 146 142 8 150 171 20 121 108 165 174 16 85 58 43 161 34 13 92 79 82 175 120 61 73 104 10 38 45 7 173 75 24 77 137 21 140 64 117 158 114 136 112 31 70 134 163 98 91 33 40 66 170 41 74 138 99 179 81 157 32 19 26 62 55 164 153 155 14 42 149 127 133 83 96 139 89 36 101 44 49 177 88 11 105 151 12 132 25 128 119 65 56 124 17 141 72 9 28 5 110 100 47 80 169 116 8/15 77 48 82 51 57 69 65 6 71 90 84 81 50 88 18 38 89 49 93 36 64 47 40 42 76 70 56 3 87 67 86 10 1 58 17 14 175 91 68 85 94 15 83 46 44 102 30 112 122 110 29 20 105 138 101 174 28 26 45 24 23 21 157 98 35 95 22 32 103 27 159 155 179 160 161 130 123 172 139 124 153 0 109 167 148 158 129 163 176 151 171 8 106 144 150 169 108 162 142 104 115 135 121 100 12 170 156 126 5 127 154 97 9/15 67 79 72 175 1 92 63 65 36 73 18 3 43 78 91 93 54 58 60 2 19 66 44 85 48 0 50 166 39 141 34 74 33 45 99 46 10 69 94 101 56 9 62 100 13 32 88 57 127 53 68 146 61 7 107 71 126 87 22 47 27 171 102 6 132 77 90 38 167 4 159 42 110 21 105 148 142 134 23 117 122 160 12 154 155 178 138 176 147 121 136 165 170 133 149 150 174 168 173 112 144 172 123 137 16 120 131 111 135 163 17 130 10/15  36 21 117 71 38 108 42 61 13 88 97 68 2 67 78 31 18 103 39 119 25 40 28 72 11 73 86 131 93 56 69 96 35 57 116 130 55 74 41 169 54 14 101 8 115 118 85 48 112 80 90 32 173 76 33 16 7 110 99 53 133 70 87 106 145 4 113 27 59 34 155 136 94 43 49 152 161 66 3 121 135 147 17 157 177 134 143 176 179 105 172 47 146 160 23 175 141 91 151 125 139 150 15 129 162 120 166 156 62 158 178 128 11/15  77 97 3 44 119 72 83 116 40 0 111 8 68 43 76 89 118 70 87 15 67 22 59 95 46 38 125 48 80 63 62 45 9 25 114 19 82 54 150 121 130 123 101 78 5 128 148 57 12 107 36 2 109 52 39 66 144 10 94 64 100 86 71 27 30 32 110 33 113 131 41 117 69 172 96 149 127 124 173 13 74 105 53 161 145 170 135 158 154 162 7 169 99 106 137 165 143 4 176 179 142 11 177 153 151 159 132 20 164 6 157 178 12/15  110 16 64 100 55 70 48 26 60 71 93 1 59 88 92 9 35 37 113 101 111 8 52 56 19 134 151 84 22 116 172 38 95 36 46 141 114 4 106 149 85 86 47 123 39 10 148 43 131 147 45 143 5 108 81 2 17 30 32 156 133 78 91 161 104 174 53 61 50 74 102 20 167 99 122 117 24 98 115 124 42 7 79 75 129 142 107 73 175 14 83 150 165 118 89 130 15 163 145 0 178 155 157 179 144 158 152 13 25 176 162 169 13/15  87 50 6 42 82 54 96 0 62 124 109 126 23 64 128 107 7 28 14 125 136 154 10 92 99 84 86 151 35 61 102 132 95 70 40 129 101 36 51 150 142 152 112 113 57 77 32 93 49 58 117 78 1 149 37 11 91 46 146 21 143 44 110 75 138 16 76 45 114 144 71 115 105 90 56 25 103 147 73 60 47 118 27 69 3 164 106 134 5 67 80 141 120 98 155 8 156 162 127 22 173 157 171 178 158 17 174 179 167 12 172 166 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 180) 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 175 176 177 178 179 2/15 105 131 2 133 106 79 11 152 26 101 31 120 5 112 74 69 121 9 49 30 21 40 43 77 157 44 13 68 122 163 89 61 107 22 10 127 25 32 73 42 148 150 28 91 18 169 165 141 80 67 170 164 82 65 50 3 29 16 72 177 0 78 62 33 104 140 108 143 3/15 117 29 47 125 11 158 74 25 37 168 106 83 34 49 122 2 157 107 154 140 10 178 143 92 63 176 146 105 151 170 86 12 1 7 56 59 150 55 73 99 111 162 26 21 156 127 161 71 68 80 91 98 8 57 31 30 166 0 148 128 102 103 60 78 108 67 153 45 4/15 65 157 64 122 101 40 84 69 90 169 177 103 76 28 78 53 1 151 17 124 155 172 134 86 119 94 145 98 154 61 146 164 107 131 159 63 85 153 66 106 49 34 48 41 143 46 31 141 120 57 74 8 20 96 32 50 73 56 167 95 24 168 33 135 83 133 54 71 5/15 14 68 112 128 74 45 28 87 158 49 142 44 36 1 121 6 46 29 163 7 98 123 17 11 153 136 52 79 37 129 38 165 71 75 59 144 113 119 179 177 41 19 92 109 31 72 111 4 173 156 134 86 174 2 63 23 20 167 27 147 51 10 82 141 100 133 93 159 6/15 0 57 23 71 59 14 40 42 15 31 161 38 30 19 17 18 4 41 46 152 50 49 27 77 60 35 48 173 113 108 92 135 124 121 97 149 172 139 74 142 166 7 5 119 20 103 94 140 165 6 137 157 10 85 179 147 91 160 163 115 89 80 102 171 176 99 116 123 7/15 23 122 144 76 162 106 50 39 63 86 69 68 15 113 84 118 27 93 37 46 3 6 168 148 109 123 103 115 95 176 154 107 97 131 111 129 172 78 160 57 22 159 51 135 2 125 130 143 147 67 18 102 94 35 145 4 54 90 71 167 166 1 156 53 152 52 126 178 8/15 61 55 53 73 39 13 79 75 41 72 2 54 52 145 19 78 80 63 43 74 60 66 37 92 4 9 16 33 137 136 131 166 59 34 62 125 113 31 119 173 168 118 120 114 149 128 107 117 147 177 96 164 152 11 143 111 141 133 178 134 146 99 132 140 116 165 7 25 9/15 5 40 82 20 15 76 28 84 59 89 41 24 83 75 55 64 52 98 97 96 37 14 31 70 106 113 80 51 161 81 49 86 95 103 30 25 35 26 118 140 104 128 179 124 109 114 156 151 145 169 11 139 177 129 125 116 115 164 29 119 153 157 162 152 108 8 158 143 10/15  50 64 95 63 100 9 82 51 45 84 111 24 58 60 81 37 89 1 26 65 83 165 107 0 52 144 75 77 164 104 46 20 98 109 29 114 5 102 148 142 79 19 44 159 174 30 153 154 137 168 92 149 171 10 140 163 132 6 126 124 12 170 167 127 22 122 123 138 11/15  24 102 49 92 65 31 93 60 17 58 140 104 73 47 14 120 1 50 37 55 23 98 81 122 103 85 126 115 42 156 90 51 91 29 84 18 35 34 112 26 108 16 61 56 75 146 174 79 88 28 129 134 139 136 175 138 133 171 168 147 167 141 163 21 166 155 160 152 12/15  97 136 67 94 90 72 49 23 41 126 159 63 44 65 139 31 57 103 66 51 121 105 109 87 6 135 127 140 120 132 76 58 137 18 29 125 77 33 171 138 28 69 112 119 12 128 82 68 80 3 11 54 96 40 34 166 173 146 168 153 154 177 62 164 27 21 160 170 13/15  53 20 41 111 145 135 68 2 122 108 24 94 148 29 123 13 88 52 121 131 116 97 104 31 59 137 83 100 85 79 72 66 130 18 63 55 119 38 140 65 30 133 153 33 89 9 74 48 19 39 43 34 81 139 163 165 26 161 168 176 159 170 4 160 177 169 175 15

As another example, it is assumed that the LDPC encoder 410 encodes the LDPC information bits according to the code rate of 2/15, 3/15, 4/15, 5/15, 6/15, 7/15, 8/15, 9/15, 10/15, 11/15, 12/15, and 13/15 to generate the LDPC codeword having a length of 16200 and modulates bits by the QPSK in the constellation mapper 430.

In this case, the group interleaver 422 may perform the interleaving using π(j) defined by the Table 15.

TABLE 15 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 44) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 2/15 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 44 3/15 15 22 34 19 7 17 28 43 30 32 14 1 11 0 3 9 10 38 24 4 23 18 27 39 29 33 8 2 40 21 20 36 44 12 37 13 35 6 31 26 16 25 42 5 41 4/15 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 44 5/15 35 7 29 11 14 32 38 28 20 17 25 39 19 4 1 12 10 30 0 44 43 2 21 5 13 34 37 23 15 36 18 42 16 33 31 27 22 3 6 40 24 41 9 26 8 6/15 7 4 0 5 27 30 25 13 31 9 34 10 17 11 8 12 15 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 1 35 24 29 33 6 26 14 32 28 2 3 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 7/15 3 7 1 4 18 21 22 6 9 5 17 14 13 15 10 20 8 19 16 12 0 11 2 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 8/15 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 44 9/15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 0 10/15  1 3 2 8 5 23 13 12 18 19 17 20 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 0 4 6 7 21 16 10 15 9 11 22 14 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 44 11/15  0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 44 12/15  0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 44 13/15  26 10 12 38 28 15 0 44 34 24 14 8 40 30 20 13 42 32 22 11 9 36 25 7 5 37 27 4 16 43 33 23 2 18 39 29 19 6 41 31 21 3 17 35 1

As another example, it is assumed that the LDPC encoder 410 encodes the LDPC information bits according to the code rate of 2/15, 3/15, 4/15, 5/15, 6/15, 7/15, 8/15, 9/15, 10/15, 11/15, 12/15, and 13/15 to generate the LDPC codeword having a length of 16200 and modulates bits by the 16-QAM in the constellation mapper 430.

In this case, the group interleaver 422 may perform the interleaving using π(j) defined by the Table 16.

TABLE 16 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 44) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 2/15 5 33 18 8 29 10 21 14 30 26 11 23 27 4 7 6 24 44 38 31 34 43 13 0 15 42 17 2 20 12 40 39 35 32 1 3 41 37 9 25 19 22 16 28 36 3/15 18 16 5 29 26 43 23 6 1 24 7 19 37 2 27 3 10 15 36 39 22 12 35 33 4 17 30 31 21 9 11 41 0 32 20 40 25 8 34 38 28 14 44 13 42 4/15 34 3 19 35 25 2 17 36 26 38 0 40 27 10 7 43 21 28 15 6 1 37 18 30 32 33 29 22 12 13 5 23 44 14 4 31 20 39 42 11 9 16 41 8 24 5/15 3 33 39 2 38 29 0 10 25 17 7 21 44 37 8 34 20 1 4 31 11 42 22 13 12 28 26 43 30 14 16 23 24 15 5 18 9 36 6 19 32 40 41 35 27 6/15 12 13 15 30 27 25 11 34 9 4 31 22 6 32 7 21 17 3 1 26 10 33 19 2 18 5 28 35 8 16 29 23 14 0 20 24 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 7/15 19 3 32 38 16 17 29 33 14 10 6 2 20 15 40 39 12 22 23 34 31 13 44 43 36 24 37 42 0 9 4 21 5 35 26 41 7 28 11 25 8 18 1 30 27 8/15 36 5 22 26 1 13 3 33 9 6 23 20 35 10 17 41 30 15 21 42 29 11 37 4 2 38 44 0 18 19 8 31 28 43 14 34 32 25 40 12 16 24 39 27 7 9/15 4 6 19 2 5 30 20 11 22 12 15 0 36 37 38 39 26 14 34 35 16 13 18 42 7 10 25 43 40 17 41 24 33 31 23 32 21 3 27 28 8 9 29 1 44 10/15  27 11 20 1 7 5 29 35 9 10 34 18 25 28 6 13 17 0 23 16 41 15 19 44 24 37 4 31 8 32 14 42 12 2 40 30 36 39 43 21 3 22 26 33 38 11/15  2 4 41 8 13 7 0 24 3 22 5 32 10 9 36 37 29 11 25 16 20 21 35 34 15 1 6 14 27 30 33 12 17 28 23 40 26 31 38 39 18 19 42 43 44 12/15  3 6 7 27 2 23 10 30 22 28 24 20 37 21 4 14 11 42 16 9 15 26 33 40 5 8 44 34 18 0 32 29 19 41 38 17 25 43 35 36 13 39 12 1 31 13/15  12 7 20 43 29 13 32 30 25 0 17 18 9 1 41 42 6 33 28 14 16 11 39 40 15 4 23 5 2 24 22 38 10 8 19 34 26 36 37 27 21 31 3 35 44

As another example, it is assumed that the LDPC encoder 410 encodes the LDPC information bits according to the code rate of 2/15, 3/15, 4/15, 5/15, 6/15, 7/15, 8/15, 9/15, 10/15, 11/15, 12/15, and 13/15 to generate the LDPC codeword having a length of 16200 and modulates bits by the 64-QAM in the constellation mapper 430.

In this case, the group interleaver 422 may perform the interleaving using π(j) defined by the Table 17.

TABLE 17 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 44) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 2/15 7 11 4 38 19 25 2 43 15 26 18 14 9 29 44 32 0 5 35 10 1 12 6 36 21 33 37 34 3 31 20 16 40 23 41 22 30 39 13 24 17 42 28 8 27 3/15 19 34 22 6 29 25 23 36 7 8 24 16 27 43 11 35 5 28 13 4 3 17 15 38 20 0 26 12 1 39 31 41 44 30 9 21 42 18 14 32 10 2 37 33 40 4/15 41 34 32 37 5 8 13 15 30 31 22 25 42 20 23 17 1 40 44 12 6 43 7 29 33 16 11 0 35 4 14 28 21 3 24 19 18 36 10 38 26 2 39 27 9 5/15 25 44 8 39 37 2 11 7 0 12 4 31 33 38 43 21 26 13 28 29 1 27 18 17 34 3 42 10 19 20 32 36 40 9 41 5 35 30 22 15 16 6 24 23 14 6/15 31 12 39 32 30 24 28 15 38 23 27 41 0 6 17 37 42 20 11 4 40 2 3 26 10 7 13 25 1 18 8 5 14 36 35 33 22 9 44 16 34 19 21 29 43 7/15 2 14 10 0 37 42 38 40 24 29 28 35 18 16 20 27 41 30 15 19 9 43 25 3 6 7 31 32 26 36 17 1 13 5 39 33 4 8 23 22 11 34 44 12 21 8/15 36 6 2 20 43 17 33 22 23 25 13 0 10 7 21 1 19 26 8 14 31 35 16 5 29 40 11 9 4 34 15 42 32 28 18 37 30 39 24 41 3 38 27 12 44 9/15 21 5 43 38 40 1 3 17 11 37 10 41 9 15 25 44 14 27 7 18 20 35 16 0 6 19 8 22 29 28 34 31 33 30 32 42 13 4 24 26 36 2 23 12 39 10/15  14 22 18 11 28 26 2 38 10 0 5 12 24 17 29 16 39 13 23 8 25 43 34 33 27 15 7 1 9 35 40 32 30 20 36 31 21 41 44 3 42 6 19 37 4 11/15  31 20 21 25 4 16 9 3 17 24 5 10 12 28 6 19 8 15 13 11 29 22 27 14 23 34 26 18 42 2 37 44 39 33 35 41 0 36 7 40 38 1 30 32 43 12/15  17 11 14 7 31 10 2 26 0 32 29 22 33 12 20 28 27 39 37 15 4 5 8 13 38 18 23 34 24 6 1 9 16 44 21 3 36 30 40 35 43 42 25 19 41 13/15  9 7 15 10 11 12 13 6 21 17 14 20 26 8 25 32 34 23 2 4 31 18 5 27 29 3 38 36 39 43 41 42 40 44 1 28 33 22 16 19 24 0 30 35 37

As another example, it is assumed that the LDPC encoder 410 encodes the LDPC information bits according to the code rate of 2/15, 3/15, 4/15, 5/15, 6/15, 7/15, 8/15, 9/15, 10/15, 11/15, 12/15, and 13/15 to generate the LDPC codeword having a length of 16200 and modulates bits by the 256-QAM in the constellation mapper 430.

In this case, the group interleaver 422 may perform the interleaving using π(j) defined by the Table 18.

TABLE 18 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 44) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 2/15 31 3 38 9 34 6 4 18 15 1 21 19 42 20 12 13 30 26 14 2 10 35 28 44 23 11 22 16 29 40 27 37 25 41 5 43 39 36 7 24 32 17 33 8 0 3/15 5 22 23 26 29 27 16 1 4 25 41 21 12 2 6 8 7 19 44 42 39 40 43 35 10 28 13 15 37 32 3 24 36 38 11 18 33 30 14 9 34 20 0 17 31 4/15 38 20 0 34 33 41 14 30 44 7 37 8 4 9 43 15 19 32 23 5 22 26 10 12 3 31 36 21 24 11 16 18 17 29 35 42 13 40 1 28 2 25 6 39 27 5/15 4 23 3 6 18 5 0 2 7 26 21 27 39 42 38 31 1 34 20 37 40 24 43 25 33 9 22 36 30 35 11 10 17 32 13 12 41 15 14 19 16 8 44 29 28 6/15 17 13 25 24 14 21 1 37 2 3 11 22 18 5 10 23 12 4 26 16 38 36 33 39 0 6 7 31 32 34 27 35 15 9 30 28 19 8 20 29 40 41 42 43 44 7/15 13 16 4 12 44 15 8 14 0 3 30 20 35 21 10 6 19 17 26 39 7 24 9 27 5 37 23 32 40 31 38 42 34 25 36 2 22 43 33 28 1 18 11 41 29 8/15 41 2 12 6 33 1 13 11 26 10 39 43 36 23 42 7 44 20 8 38 18 22 24 40 4 28 29 19 14 5 9 0 30 25 35 37 27 32 31 34 21 3 15 17 16 9/15 5 7 9 22 10 12 3 43 6 4 24 13 14 11 15 18 19 17 16 41 25 26 20 23 21 33 31 28 39 36 30 37 27 32 34 35 29 2 42 0 1 8 40 38 44 10/15  28 20 18 38 39 2 3 30 19 4 14 36 7 0 25 17 10 6 33 15 8 26 42 24 11 21 23 5 40 41 29 32 37 44 43 31 35 34 22 1 16 27 9 13 12 11/15  8 13 0 11 9 4 36 37 16 3 10 14 24 20 33 34 25 2 21 31 12 19 7 5 27 23 26 1 18 22 35 6 32 30 28 15 29 17 39 38 40 41 42 43 44 12/15  28 21 10 15 8 22 26 2 14 1 27 3 39 20 34 25 12 6 7 40 30 29 38 16 43 33 4 35 9 32 5 36 0 41 37 18 17 13 24 42 31 23 19 11 44 13/15  9 13 10 7 11 6 1 14 12 8 21 15 4 36 25 30 24 28 29 20 27 5 18 17 22 33 0 16 23 31 42 3 40 39 41 43 37 44 26 2 19 38 32 35 34

Meanwhile, the scheme of performing the interleaving based on the above Tables will be described below.

For example, it is assumed that the LDPC encoder 410 encodes the LDPC information bits according to a code rate of 2/15 to generate the LDPC codeword having a length of 64800 and the constellation mapper 430 modulates bits by the QPSK.

In this case, the group interleaver 422 may perform the interleaving using π(j) defined when the code rate is 2/15 in the Table 9.

In the case of the above Table 9, the above Equation 19 may be represented by Y₀=X_(π(0))=X₇₀, Y₁=X_(π(1))=X₁₄₉, Y₂=X_(π(2))=X₁₃₆, . . . , Y₁₇₈=X_(π(178))=X₃₈, Y₁₇₉=X_(π(179))=X₁₇. Therefore, the group interleaver 422 may interleave the order of the plurality of bit groups in the bits group wise by changing an order of the bit group such as a 70-th bit group to a 0-th bit group, a 149-th bit group to a 1-th bit group, a 136-th bit group to a 2-th bit group, . . . , a 38-th bit group to a 178-th bit group, and a 17-th bit group to a 179-th bit group.

The block interleaver 423 interleaves the plurality of bit groups of which the order is rearranged.

Specifically, the block interleaver 423 is configured of a plurality of columns each including a plurality of rows and thus may interleave the plurality of bit groups of which the order of the bit group is rearranged by the group interleaver 422 in the bits group wise.

Here, the number of columns may be the same as the modulation order. For example, when the modulation scheme is QPSK, 16-QAM, 256-QAM, 1024-QAM, and 4096-QAM, the modulation orders each are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12. In this case, the block interleaver 423 may perform the block interleaving using 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 columns according to the modulation scheme.

In this case, the block interleaver 423 may divide the plurality of bit groups rearranged using a first part (part 1) and a second part (part 2) depending on the modulation order and interleave the plurality of bit groups.

Specifically, the block interleaver 423 divides the plurality of columns into the first part and the second part, writes the plurality of bit groups in the plurality of columns configuring the first part in the bits group wise, divides bits configuring the remaining bit groups into a sub bit group formed of the number of preset bits based on the number of the plurality of columns, and writes the divided sub bit group in the plurality of columns configuring the second part, thereby performing the interleaving.

Here, the number of groups interleaved in the bit group wise may be determined according to at least one of the number of rows and columns configuring the block interleaver 423, the number of bit groups, and the number of bits included in each of the bit groups. That is, the block interleaver 423 may determine the bit group interleaved in the bit group wise among the plurality of bit groups in consideration of at least one of the number of rows and columns configuring the block interleaver 423, the number of bit groups, and the number of bits included in each bit group, interleave the corresponding bit group in the bits group wise, and divide the bits configuring the remaining bit groups into the sub bit group and interleave them. For example, the block interleaver 423 may interleave at least some of the plurality of bit groups in the bits group wise using the first part and divide the remaining bit groups using the second part and interleave them.

Meanwhile, interleaving in the bits group wise means that the bits included in the same bit group are written in the same column. That is, the block interleaver 423 does not divide the bits included in the same bit group in the case of the bit group interleaved in the bits group wise but is written in the same column and divides the bits included in the corresponding bit group in the case of the bit group that is not interleaved in the bits group wise and writes the divided bits in different columns, thereby performing the interleaving.

Therefore, the number of rows configuring the first part is a multiple of the number (for example, 360) of bits included in one bit group and the number of rows configuring the second part may be less than the number of bits included one group.

Meanwhile, the block interleaver 423 may perform the interleaving in different schemes based on a code length, a code rate, and a modulation order.

Specifically, the block interleaver 423 may perform the block interleaving using a block interleaving scheme according to type A or type B based on the code length, the code rate, and the modulation order, which is as following Table 19 and Table 20 in detail.

TABLE 19 CR MOD 2/15 3/15 4/15 5/15 6/15 7/15 8/15 9/15 10/15 11/15 12/15 13/15 QPSK A A A A A A A A A A A A 16-QAM A A A B A A B B A A A A 64-QAM A A A A A B A B B A A B 256-QAM A A A B B B B A B B A B 1024-QAM A A A B A B A B B B A A 4096-QAM A A A A A A B A A A A A

TABLE 20 CR MOD 2/15 3/15 4/15 5/15 6/15 7/15 8/15 9/15 10/15 11/15 12/15 13/15 QPSK A A A A B B A B A A A A 16-QAM A A A A B B A B A B A B 64-QAM A A A A B B A B A A A A 256-QAM A A A A B A A A A B A A

Above Table 19 shows a case in which the length N_(inner) of the LDPC codeword is 64800 and above Table 20 shows a case in which the length N_(inner) of f the LDPC codeword is 16200.

Meanwhile, the block interleaving scheme according to type A or type B is as follows.

Hereinafter, the block interleaving scheme according to type A will be described.

The block interleaver 423 may interleave the plurality of bit groups in the bits group wise using the plurality of columns each being formed of the plurality of rows.

In this case, the block interleaver 423 may divide the plurality of rows into at least two parts to interleave the LDPC codeword. For example, the block interleaver 423 may divide the plurality of rows into the first part and the second part to interleave the plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword.

Specifically, the block interleaver 423 may divide the plurality of columns into N (N is an integer equal to or greater than 2) parts depending on whether the number of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword is an integer multiple of the number of columns configuring the block interleaver 423 to perform the interleaving.

First, when the number of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword is an integer multiple of the number of columns configuring the block interleaver 423, the block interleaver 423 does not divide the parts of the plurality of columns but may interleave the plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword in the bits group wise.

Specifically, the block interleaver 124 may write the plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword in each of the columns in the column direction in the bits group wise and reads each row of the plurality of columns in which the plurality of bit groups are written in the bits group wise in a row direction to perform the interleaving.

In this case, the block interleaver 124 sequentially writes the bits included in the bit groups as many as a quotient obtained by dividing the number of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword by the number of columns configuring the block interleaver 124 in each of the columns in the column direction and reads each row of the plurality of columns in which the bits are written in the row direction to perform the interleaving.

Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, the bit group positioned at a j-th position after being interleaved in the group interleaver 422 is called a bit group Y_(j).

For example, it is assumed that the block interleavers 423 each consist of N_(C) columns including N_(r) rows. Further, it is assumed that the LDPC codeword is formed of N_(group) bit groups and the number N_(group) of bit groups is a multiple of N_(C).

In this case, when a quotient obtained by dividing the number N_(group) of the bit group configuring the LDPC codeword by the number N_(C) of columns configuring the block interleaver 423 is A (=N_(group)/N_(C)) (A is an integer larger than 0), the block interleaver 423 may sequentially write A (=N_(group)/N_(C)) bit groups in each column in the column direction and read the bits written in the plurality of columns in the row direction to perform the interleaving.

For example, as shown in FIG. 14, the block interleaver 423 may write bits included in each of the bit group Y₀, bit group Y₁, . . . , bit group Y_(A−1) in 0-th row to (N_(r)−1)-th row of a 0-th column, write bits included in each of the bit group Y_(A), bit group Y_(A+1), . . . , bit group Y_(2A−1) in 0-th row to (N_(r)−1)-th row of a first column, . . . , write bits included in each of the bit group Y_(NC×A−A), bit group Y_(NC×A−A+1), bit group Y_(NC×A−1) in 0-th row to (N_(r)−1)-th row of an (N_(c)−1)-th column, and read the bits written in each row of the plurality of columns in the row direction.

Therefore, the block interleaver 423 interleaves all the bit groups configuring the LDPC codewords in the bits group wise.

However, when the number of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword is not an integer multiple of the number of columns configuring the block interleaver 423, the block interleaver 423 may divide the plurality of columns into two parts to interleave some of the plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword in the bits group wise and collect the bits configuring the remaining bit groups and divides them into the sub bit group to perform the interleaving. In this case, bits included in the remaining bit groups, that is, bits included in the bit groups as many as the remainder obtained by dividing the number of groups configuring the LDPC codeword by the number of columns may not be interleaved in the bits group wise but may be divided in each column depending on the number of columns to be interleaved.

Specifically, the block interleaver 423 may divide the plurality of columns into two parts to interleave the LDPC codeword.

In this case, the block interleaver 423 may divide the plurality of columns into the first part and the second part based on the number of columns configuring the block interleaver 423, the number of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword, and the number of bits configuring each of the plurality of bit groups.

Here, the plurality of bit groups may each consist of 360 bits. Further, the number of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword is determined depending on the length of the LDPC codeword and the number of bits included in each bit group. For example, if the LDPC codeword having a length of 16200 is divided so that each of the bit groups is formed of 360 bits, the LDPC codeword may be divided into 45 bit groups and if the LDPC codeword having a length of 64800 is divided so that each of the bit groups is formed of 360 bits, the LDPC codeword may be divided into 180 bit groups. In this case, the number of columns configuring the block interleaver 423 may be determined according to the modulation scheme.

Therefore, the number of rows configuring each of the first part and the second part may be determined based on the number of columns configuring the block interleaver 423, the number of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword, and the number of bits configuring each of the plurality of bit groups.

Specifically, the first part may be configured of rows as many as the number of bits included in at least one bit group that may be written in the bits group wise in each of the plurality of columns among the plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword depending on the number of columns configuring the block interleaver 423, the number of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword, and the number of bits configuring each of the plurality of bit groups in each of the plurality of columns.

Further, the second part may be configured of rows other than rows as many as the number of bits included in at least some bit groups that may be written in each of the plurality of columns in the rows configuring each of the plurality of columns in the bits group wise, in each of the plurality of columns. Specifically, the number of rows of the second part may have the same value as the quotient obtained by dividing the number of bits included in all the bit groups other than the bit group corresponding to the first part by the number of columns configuring the block interleaver 423. That is, the number of rows of the second part may have the same value as the quotient obtained by dividing the number of bits included in the remaining bits groups after being written in the first part among the bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword by the number of columns.

Meanwhile, the block interleaver 423 may divide the plurality of columns into the first part including the rows as many as the number of bits included in the bit groups that may be written in each column in the bits group wise and the second part including the remaining other rows. As a result, the first part may be configured of rows as many as the integer multiple of the number of bits included in the bit group, that is, 360.

In this case, the block interleaver 423 may write and read the LDPC codeword in the first part and the second part to perform the interleaving.

Specifically, the block interleaver 423 may write the LDPC codeword in the plurality of columns configuring the first part and the second part in the column direction and read the plurality of columns configuring each of the first part and the second part in which the LDPC codeword is written in the row direction to perform the interleaving.

That is, the block interleaver 423 may write bits included in at least some of the bit groups that may be written in the bits group wise in each of the plurality of columns in each of the plurality of columns configuring the first part, divide bits included in the remaining bit groups other than the at least some bits in the plurality of bit groups and write the bits in each of the plurality of columns configuring the second part in the column direction, and read the bits written in each of the plurality of columns configuring each of the first part and the second part in the row direction to perform the interleaving.

In this case, the block interleaver 423 may divide the remaining bit groups other than the at least some bit groups in the plurality of bit groups based on the number of columns configuring the block interleaver 423 to perform the interleaving.

Specifically, the block interleaver 423 may interleave by dividing the bits included in the other bit groups by the number of a plurality of columns, writing each of the divided bits in each of a plurality of columns configuring the second part in a row direction, and reading the plurality of columns configuring the second part, where the divided bits are written, in a row direction.

That is, the block interleaver 423 may divide the bits included in the other bit groups except the bit groups written in the first part from among the plurality of bit groups of the LDPC codeword, that is, the bits in the number of bit groups which correspond to the remainder when the number of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword is divided by the number of columns, by the number of columns, and may write the divided bits in each column of the second part serially in a column direction.

For example, it is assumed that the block interleavers 423 each consist of N_(C) columns including N_(r) rows. In addition, it is assumed that the LDPC codeword is formed of the number N_(group) of bit groups, the number N_(group) of bit groups is not a multiple of N_(C), and A×N_(C)+1=N_(group) (A is an integer greater than 0). In other words, it is assumed that when the number of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword is divided by the number of columns, the quotient is A and the remainder is 1.

In this case, as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the block interleaver 423 may divide each column into a first part including N_(r1) rows and a second part including N_(r2) rows. In this case, N_(r1) (=) may be the number of bits included in the bit group written in the bits group wise in each column and N_(r2) may be a value excepting N_(r1) from the number of columns configuring each column. That is, N_(r1)+N_(r2)=N_(r)=N_(inner)/N_(C) Further, represents the largest integer that is equal to or less than N_(group)/C.

In this case, the block interleaver 423 writes the bits included in the bit groups which can be written in each column in bit group wise, that is, A bit groups, in the first part of each column in the column direction.

That is, as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the block interleaver 423 writes the bits included in each of bit group Y₀, bit group Y₁, . . . , bit group Y_(A−1) in the 0-th to (N_(r1)−1)-th rows of the first part of the 0-th column, writes bits included in each of bit group Y_(A), bit group Y_(A+1), . . . , bit group Y_(2A−1) in the 0-th to (N_(r1)−1)-th rows of the first part of the 1^(st) column, . . . , writes bits included in each of bit group Y_(NC×A−A), bit group Y_(NC×A−A+1), . . . , bit group Y_(NC×A−1) in the 0-th to (N_(r1)−1)-th rows of the first part of the (N_(C)−1)-th column.

As described above, the block interleaver 423 writes the bits included in the bit groups which can be written in each column in bit group wise in the first part of each column.

In other words, in the above exemplary embodiment, the bits included in each of bit group Y₀, bit group Y₁, . . . , bit group Y_(A−1) may not be divided and all of the bits may be written in the 0-th column, the bits included in each of bit group Y_(A), bit group Y_(A+1), . . . , bit group Y_(2A−1) may not be divided and all of the bits may be written in the first column, . . . , and the bits included in each of bit group Y_(CA−A), bit group Y_(CA−A+1), . . . , bit group Y_(CA−1) may not be divided and all of the bits may be written in the N_(C)−1 column. As such, it may be considered that the bits included in the same bit groups in all bit groups interleaved by the first part are written in the same column of the first part.

Thereafter, the block interleaver 423 divides bits included in the other bit groups except the bit groups written in the first part of each column from among the plurality of bit groups, and writes the bits in the second part of each column in the column direction. In this case, the block interleaver 423 divides the bits included in the other bit groups except the bit groups written in the first part of each column by the number of columns, so that the same number of bits are written in the second part of each column, and writes the divided bits in the second part of each column in the column direction.

In the above-described example, since A×N_(C)+1=N_(group), when the bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword are written in the first part serially, the final bit group Y_(Ngroup−1) of the LDPC codeword is not written in the first part and remains. Accordingly, the block interleaver 423 divides the bits included in the bit group Y_(Ngroup−1) into the number N_(C) of sub bit groups as shown in FIG. 15, and writes the divided bits (that is, the bits corresponding to the quotient when the bits included in the final group (Y_(Ngroup−1)) are divided by N_(C)) in the second part of each column serially.

The bits divided based on the number of columns may be referred to as sub bit groups. In this case, each of the sub bit groups may be written in each column of the second part. That is, the bits included in the bit groups may be divided and may form the sub bit groups.

That is, the block interleaver 423 writes the bits in the N_(r1)-th to N_(r1)+N_(r2)−1-th rows of the second part of the 0-th column, writes the bits in the N_(r1)-th to N_(r1)+N_(r2)−1-th rows of the second part of the first column, . . . , and writes the bits in the N_(r1)-th to N_(r1)+N_(r2)−1-th rows of the second part of the N_(C)−1-th column. In this case, the block interleaver 423 may write the bits in the second part of each column in the column direction as shown in FIG. 15.

That is, in the second part, the bits configuring the bit group may not be written in the same column and may be written in the plurality of columns.

In the above example, the final bit group (Y_(Ngroup−1)) is formed of 360 bits and thus, the bits included in the final bit group (Y_(Ngroup−1)) may be divided by 360/N_(C) and written in each column in the column direction. That is, the bits included in the final bit group (Y_(Ngroup−1)) are divided by 360/N_(C), forming 360/N_(C) sub bit groups, and each of the sub bit groups may be written in each column of the second part in the column direction.

Accordingly, in at least one bit group which is interleaved by the second part, the bits included in the at least one bit group are divided and written in at least two columns configuring the second part.

In the above-described example, the block interleaver 423 writes the bits in the second part in the column direction. However, this is merely an example. That is, the block interleaver 423 may write the bits in the plurality of columns of the second part in the row direction. In this case, the block interleaver 423 may write the bits in the first part in the same method as described above.

Specifically, referring to FIG. 16, the block interleaver 423 writes the bits from the N_(r1)-th row of the second part in the 0-th column to N_(r1)-th row of the second part in the (N_(C)−1)-th column, writes the bits from the (N_(r1)+1)-th row of the second part in the 0-th column to N_(r1)+1-th row of the second part in the (N_(c)−1)-th column, . . . , and writes the bits from the (N_(r1)+N_(r2)−1)-th row of the second part in the 0-th column to (N_(r1)+N_(r2)−1)-th row of the second part in the (N_(C)−1)-th column.

On the other hand, the block interleaver 423 reads the bits written in each row of each part serially in the row direction. That is, as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the block interleaver 423 reads the bits written in each column of the first part of the plurality of columns serially in the row direction, and reads the bits written in each column of the second part of the plurality of columns serially in the row direction.

Accordingly, the block interleaver 423 may interleave a part of the plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword in bit group wise, and divide and interleave some of the remaining bit groups.

That is, the block interleaver 423 may interleave by writing the LDPC codeword configuring a predetermined number of bit groups from among the plurality of bit groups in the plurality of columns of the first part in bit group wise, dividing the bits of the other bit groups and writing the bits in each of the columns of the second part, and reading the plurality of columns of the first and second parts in the row direction.

As described above, in the case of type A, the block interleaver 423 may interleave the plurality of bit groups in the methods described above with reference to FIGS. 14 to 16.

Hereinafter, the block interleaving scheme according to type B will be described.

The block interleaver 423 may interleave the plurality of bit groups in a unit of a bit group using the plurality of columns each being formed of the plurality of rows.

In this case, the block interleaver 423 may divide the plurality of rows into at least two parts to interleave the LDPC codeword. For example, the block interleaver 423 may divide the plurality of rows into a first part and a second part to interleave the plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword.

Specifically, to perform the interleaving, the block interleaver 423 may divide the plurality of columns into N (N is an integer equal to or more than 2) parts depending on whether the number of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword is an integer multiple of the number of columns configuring the block interleaver 423.

First, when the number of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword is an integer multiple of the number of columns configuring the block interleaver 423, the block interleaver 423 does not divide the plurality of columns into N parts but may interleave the plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword in a unit of a bit group.

Specifically, the block interleaver 423 may write the plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword in each of the columns in the column direction in a unit of a bit group, and reads each row of the plurality of columns in which the plurality of bit groups are written a unit of a bit group in the row direction, to perform the interleaving.

When the bit groups are sequentially written in each column one by one, and a bit group is written in the final column, the block interleaver 423 may again write another bit group in the plurality of columns by the scheme of sequentially writing the bit groups in each column by one by one from the first column. Further, the block interleaver 423 may read each row of the plurality of columns in which the bit groups are written in the row direction to perform the interleaving.

In this case, bits included in bit groups the number of which is obtained by dividing the number of all bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword by the number of columns configuring the block interleaver 423 may be written in each column.

Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, a bit group positioned at a j-th position after being interleaved in the group interleaver 422 is called a bit group Y_(j).

For example, it is assumed that the block interleavers 423 is formed of N_(C) columns including N_(r) rows. Further, it is assumed that the LDPC codeword is formed of N_(group) bit groups and the number N_(group) is an integer multiple of N_(C).

In this case, it is assumed that the quotient obtained by dividing N_(group) number of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword by the number N_(c) of columns configuring the block interleaver 423 is A (=N_(group)/N_(C)).

For example, as illustrated in FIG. 17, the block interleaver 423 may write a bit group Y₀ in a 0-th row to a 359-th row of a 0-th column, write a bit group Y₁ in a 0-th row to a 359-th row of a first column, . . . , write a bit group Y_(Nc)−1 in a 0-th row to a 359-th row of an (N_(c)−1)-th column. Further, the block interleaver 423 may write a bit group Y_(Nc) in a 360-th row to a 719-th row of the 0-th column, write a bit group Y_(Nc+1) in a 360-th row to a 719-th row of the first column, . . . , write a bit group Y_(2Nc)−1 in a 360-th row to a 719-th row of the (N_(c)−1)-th column. By the above scheme, the block interleaver 423 may write a bit group Y_((A−1)×Nc) in an (N_(r)−360)-th row to an (N_(r)−1)-th row of the 0-th column, write a bit group Y_((A−1)×Nc+1) in the (N_(r)−360)-th row to the (N_(r)−1)-th row of the first column, . . . , write a bit group Y_(NC×A−1) in the (N_(r)−360)-th row to the (N_(r)−1)-th row of the (N_(c)−1)-th column. Further, the block interleaver 423 may read bits of the bit groups written in each row of the plurality of columns in the row direction.

Therefore, the block interleaver 423 interleaves all bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword in a unit of a bit group.

However, when the number of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword is not an integer multiple of the number of columns configuring the block interleaver 423, the block interleaver 423 may divide the plurality of columns into two parts to interleave some of the plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword in a unit of a bit group, and collect bits configuring the remaining bit groups and divides these bits into sub bit groups, to perform the interleaving. In this case, the bits included in the remaining bit groups, that is, the bits included in the bit groups as many as the remainder obtained by dividing the number of groups configuring the LDPC codeword by the number of columns may not be interleaved in a unit of a bit group but may be divided in each column depending on the number of columns used for the interleaving.

Specifically, the block interleaver 423 may divide the plurality of columns into two parts to interleave the LDPC codeword.

In this case, a method for dividing the plurality of columns into two parts and the number of bit groups interleaved in each part are the same as the block interleaving scheme of the type A.

Further, the block interleaver 423 may write and read the LDPC codeword in the first part and the second part to perform the interleaving.

Specifically, the block interleaver 423 may write the LDPC codeword in the plurality of columns configuring the first part and the second part in the column, and read the plurality of columns configuring each of the first part and the second part in which the LDPC codeword is written, to perform the interleaving.

That is, when bit groups are written in each column one by one and a bit group is written in the final column, the block interleaver 423 may again write another bit group in each column one by one from the first column in the first part. Further, the block interleaver 423 may divide the bits included in the remaining bit groups remaining after being written in the first part, write the divided bits in the plurality of columns configuring the second part in the row direction, and read the bits written in each of the first part and the second part in the row direction, to perform the interleaving.

In this case, the block interleaver 423 may divide the remaining bit groups remaining after being written in first part based on the number of columns configuring the block interleaver 423 to perform the interleaving.

Specifically, the block interleaver 423 may perform interleaving by dividing the bits included in the remaining bit groups by the number of a plurality of columns, writing each of the divided bits in each of a plurality of columns constituting the second part in the row direction, and reading the plurality of columns constituting the second part, where the divided bits are written, in the row direction.

That is, the block interleaver 423 may divide the bits included in the remaining bit groups, other than the bit groups written in the first part from among the plurality of bit groups of the LDPC codeword, that is, bits in the number of bit groups which correspond to the remainder when the number of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword is divided by the number of columns, by the number of columns, and may write the divided bits in the plurality of columns of the second part serially in the row direction.

For example, it is assumed that the block interleavers 423 if formed of N_(C) columns including N_(r) rows. In addition, it is assumed that the LDPC codeword is formed of the number N_(group) of bit groups, the number N_(group) of bit groups is not an integer multiple of N_(C), and A×N_(C)+1=N_(group) (A is an integer greater than 0). In other words, it is assumed that when the number of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword is divided by the number of columns, the quotient is A and the remainder is 1.

In this case, as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, the block interleaver 423 may divide each column into a first part including N_(r1) rows and a second part including N_(r2) rows. In this case, N_(r1) (=└N_(group)/N_(c)┘×360) may be the number of bits included in the bit group written in a unit of a bit group in each column, and N_(r2) may be a value subtracting N_(r1) from the number of rows configuring each column. That is, N_(r1)+N_(r2)=N_(r)=N_(inner)/N_(C). Further, └N_(group)/C┘ represents the largest integer that is equal to or less than N_(group)/C.

For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 18 and 19, the block interleaver 423 may write a bit group Y₀ in a 0-th row to a 359-th row configuring the first part of a 0-th column, write a bit group Y₁ in a 0-th to a 359-th row configuring the first part of a first column, . . . , write a bit group Y_(Nc−1) in a 0-th row to a 359-th row configuring the first part of an (N_(c)−1)-th column. Further, the block interleaver 423 may write a bit group Y_(Nc) in a 360-th row to a 719-th row configuring the first part of the 0-th column, write a bit group Y_(Nc+1) in a 360-th row to a 719-th row configuring the first part of the first column, . . . , and write a bit group Y_(2Nc)−1 in a 360-th row to a 719-th row configuring the first part of the (N_(c)−1)-th column. By the above scheme, the block interleaver 423 may write a bit group Y_((A−1)×Nc) in an (N_(r)−360)-th row to an (N_(r)−1)-th row configuring the first part of the 0-th column, write a bit group Y_((A−1)×Nc+1) in an (N_(r)−360)-th row to an (N_(r)−1)-th row configuring the first part of the first column, . . . , and write a bit group Y_(NC×A−1) in an (N_(r)−360)-th row to an (N_(r)−1)-th row configuring the first part of the (N_(c)-1)-th column.

Accordingly, the bits included in each of the bit groups Y₀, Y₁, . . . , Y_(Nc−1) may not be divided and are sequentially written in each column, the bits included in each of the bit groups Y_(Nc), Y_(Nc+1), . . . , Y_(2Nc−1) may also not be divided and are sequentially written in each column, . . . , and the bits included in each of the bit groups Y_((A−1)×Nc), Y_((A−1)×Nc+1), . . . , Y_(NC×A−1) may also not be divided and are sequentially written in each column. As such, it may be considered that bits included in the same bit groups of all bit groups interleaved by the first part are written in the same column of the first part.

Thereafter, the block interleaver 423 divides bits included in the remaining bit groups, other than the bit groups written in the first part of each column from among the plurality of bit groups, and writes bits in the plurality of columns configuring the second part in the row direction. In this case, the block interleaver 423 divides the bits included in the remaining bit groups by the number of columns, so that the same number of bits are written in the second part of each column, and writes each of the divided bits in the plurality of columns of the second part in the row direction.

In the above-described example, since A×N_(C)+1=N_(group), when the bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword are written in the first part serially, the final bit group Y_(Ngroup−1) of the LDPC codeword is not written in the first part and remains. Accordingly, the block interleaver 423 divides the bits included in the bit group Y_(Ngroup−1) into N_(C) number of sub bit groups as shown in FIG. 18, and writes the divided bits (that is, the bits corresponding to the quotient when the bits included in the last bit group (Y_(Ngroup−1)) are divided by N_(C)) in the second part of the plurality of columns.

The bits divided based on the number of columns may be referred to as a sub bit group. In this case, each of the sub bit groups may be written in each column of the second part. That is, the bits included in the remaining bit groups may be divided and may form the sub bit groups.

That is, the block interleaver 423 may write the bits from an N_(r1)-th row of the 0-th column to the N_(r1)-th row of the (N_(C)−1)-th column, writes the bits from an (N_(r1)+1)-th row of the 0-th column to the (N_(r1)+1)-th row of the (N_(C)−1)-th column, . . . , and writes the bits from an (N_(r1)+N_(r2)−1)-th row of the 0-th column to the (N_(r1)+N_(r2)−1)-th row of the (N_(C)−1)-th column.

In the above-described example, the block interleaver 423 writes the bits in the second part in the row direction. However, this is merely an example. That is, the block interleaver 423 may write the bits in the plurality of columns of the second part in the column direction. In this case, the block interleaver 423 may write the bits in the first part in the same method as described above.

Specifically, referring to FIG. 19, the block interleaver 423 writes the bits in the N_(r1) to (N_(r1)+N_(r2)−1)-th rows of the second part of the 0-th column, writes the bits in the N_(r1)-th to (N_(r1)+N_(r2)−1)-th rows of the second part of the first column, . . . , and writes the bits in the N_(r1)-th to (N_(r1)+N_(r2)−1)-th rows of the second part of the (N_(C)−1)-th column.

On the other hand, the block interleaver 423 reads the bits written in each row of each part serially in the row direction. That is, as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, the block interleaver 423 reads the bits written in each column of the first part of the plurality of columns serially in the row direction, and reads the bits written in each column of the second part of the plurality of columns serially in the row direction.

As described above, in the case of type B, the block interleaver 423 may interleave the plurality of bit groups in the methods described above with reference to FIGS. 17 to 19.

Meanwhile, as shown in Tables 19 and 20, the block interleaver 423 may perform the block interleaving using different schemes according to the code rate, the code length, and the modulation order.

For example, referring to above Table 19, when the code length is 64800, the code rate is 5/15, and the modulation scheme is QPSK, the block interleaver 423 may perform the interleaving using the block interleaver of type A and when the code length is 64800, the code rate is 5/15, and the modulation scheme is 16-QAM, the block interleaver 423 may perform the interleaving using the block interleaver of type B.

As another example, referring to above Table 20, when the code length is 16200, the code rate is 9/15, and the modulation scheme is 64-QAM, the block interleaver 423 may perform the interleaving using the block interleaver of type B and when the code length is 16200, the code rate is 9/15, and the modulation scheme is 256-QAM, the block interleaver 423 may perform the interleaving using the block interleaver of type A.

For this purpose, the block interleaver 423 may include components as shown in FIGS. 20 to 23.

First, FIG. 20 shows that the block interleaving of type A is performed by the scheme as shown in FIG. 15 and the block interleaving of type B is performed by the scheme as shown in FIG. 18.

Referring to FIG. 20, the block interleaver 423 may include a part divider 510, switches 521 and 522, a part 1 block interleaver-A 531, a part 1 block interleaver-B 532, a part 2 block interleaver 533, and a concatenator 540.

The part divider 510 divides an LDPC codeword into a part interleaved by part 1 and a part interleaved by part 2.

In this case, the part divider 510 may determine bit groups interleaved by part 1 and bit groups interleaved by part 2 among the plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword, based on at least one of the number of bit groups and the number of bits included in each of the bit groups.

Specifically, the part divider 510 may determine bit groups as many as the quotient obtained by dividing the number of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword by the number of columns as the bit groups interleaved by part 1, and determine the bit groups as many as the remainder as the bit groups interleaved by part 1.

Further, the part divider 510 may divide the bit groups interleaved by part 1 and the bit groups interleaved by part 2 in the LDPC codeword, and output the bit groups interleaved by part 1 to the switch 521 and the bit groups interleaved by part 2 to the switch 522.

The part 1 block interleaver-A 531 may perform block interleaving on the bit groups interleaved by part 1 by the type A scheme, and the part 1 block interleaver-B 532 may perform block interleaving on the bit groups interleaved by part 1 by the type B scheme.

Specifically, the part 1 block interleaver-A 531 may interleave the bit groups interleaved by part 1 using part 1 of the block interleaver described with reference to FIG. 15 and the part 1 block interleaver-B 532 may interleave the bit groups interleaved by part 1 using part 1 of the block interleaver described with reference to FIG. 18.

The part 2 block interleaver 533 performs the block interleaving on the bit groups interleaved by part 2 by the scheme according to type A.

Specifically, the part 2 block interleaver 533 may interleave the bit groups interleaved by part 2 using part 2 of the block interleaver described with reference to FIG. 15.

The switches 521 and 522 may perform switching operation such that the LDPC codeword is interleaved by a specific scheme according to the code rate, the code length, and the modulation order.

Specifically, when the bits are interleaved by the type A scheme according to the code rate, the code length, and the modulation order with reference to above Tables 19 and 20, the switches 521 and 522 may perform the switching operations such that the bit groups interleaved by part 1 are output to the part 1 block interleaver-A 531 and the bit groups interleaved by part 2 are output to the part 2 block interleaver 533.

Further, when the bits are interleaved by the type B scheme according to the code rate, the code length, and the modulation order with reference to above Tables 19 and 20, the switches 521 and 522 may perform the switching operations such that the bit groups interleaved by part 1 are output to the part 1 block interleaver-B 532 and the bit groups interleaved by part 2 bypass the part 2 block interleaver 533.

Here, the reason of performing the switching operation to allow the bit groups interleaved by part 2 to bypass the part 2 block interleaver 533 is that the bits interleaved by part 2 in FIG. 18 are written and read in part 2 in the row direction, and thus, are not substantially interleaved.

The concatenator 540 again concatenates the bit groups divided by the part divider 510 to output the LDPC codeword having the code length before being divided.

Specifically, the concatenator 540 may add the bits output from the part 2 block interleaver 533 after the bits output from the part 1 block interleaver-A 531.

Further, the concatenator 540 may add the bits output from the part divider 510 after the bits output from the part 1 block interleaver-B 532.

Meanwhile, FIG. 21 shows that the block interleaving of type A is performed by the scheme as shown in FIG. 16 and the block interleaving of type B is performed by the scheme as shown in FIG. 18.

Referring to FIG. 21, the block interleaver 423 may include a part divider 610, a switch 620, a part 1 block interleaver-A 631, a part 1 block interleaver-B 632, and a concatenator 640.

The part divider 610 divides an LDPC codeword into a part interleaved by part 1 and a part interleaved by part 2.

Meanwhile, a method for dividing bit groups interleaved by part 1 and bit groups interleaved by part 2 in the LDPC codeword was described with reference to FIG. 20.

The part 1 block interleaver-A 631 may perform block interleaving on the bit groups interleaved by part 1 by the type A scheme, and the part 1 block interleaver-B 632 may perform block interleaving on the bit groups interleaved by part 1 by the type B scheme.

Specifically, the part 1 block interleaver-A 631 may interleave the bit groups interleaved by part 1 using part 1 of the block interleaver described with reference to FIG. 16, and the part 1 block interleaver-B 632 may interleave the bit groups interleaved by part 1 using part 1 of the block interleaver described with reference to FIG. 18.

The switch 620 may perform a switching operation such that the LDPC codeword is interleaved by a specific scheme according to the code rate, the code length, and the modulation order.

Specifically, when the bits are interleaved by the type A scheme according to the code rate, the code length, and the modulation order based on above Tables 19 and 20, the switch 620 may perform the switching operation such that the bit groups interleaved by part 1 is output to part 1 block interleaver-A 631.

Further, when the bits are interleaved by the type B scheme according to the code rate, the code length, and the modulation order based on above Tables 19 and 20, the switch 620 may perform the switching operation such that the bit groups interleaved by part 1 is output to the part 1 block interleaver-B 632.

Meanwhile, referring to FIG. 21, it may be appreciated that the bit groups interleaved by part 2 output from the part divider 610 may be input to the concatenator 640 without passing through a separate interleaver. The reason is that in FIGS. 16 and 18, the bits interleaved by part 2 are written and read in part 2 in the row direction, and thus, are not substantially interleaved.

The concatenator 640 again concatenates the bit groups divided by the part divider 610 to output the LDPC codeword having the code length before being divided.

Specifically, the concatenator 640 may add the bits output from the part divider 610 after the bits output from the part 1 block interleaver-A 631.

Meanwhile, FIG. 22 shows that block interleaving of type A is performed by the scheme as shown in FIG. 15 and block interleaving of type B is performed by the scheme as shown in FIG. 19.

Referring to FIG. 22, the block interleaver 423 may include a part divider 710, a switch 720, a part 1 block interleaver-A 731, a part 1 block interleaver-B 732, a part 2 block interleaver 733, and a concatenator 740.

The part divider 710 divides an LDPC codeword into a part interleaved by part 1 and a part interleaved by part 2.

Meanwhile, a method for dividing bit groups interleaved by part 1 and bit groups interleaved by part 2 in the LDPC codeword was described with reference to FIG. 20.

The part 1 block interleaver-A 731 may perform block interleaving on the bit groups interleaved by part 1 by the type A scheme, and the part 1 block interleaver-B 732 may perform block interleaving on the bit groups interleaved by part 1 by the type B scheme.

Specifically, the part 1 block interleaver-A 731 may interleave the bit groups interleaved by part 1 using part 1 of the block interleaver described with reference to FIG. 15, and the part 1 block interleaver-B 732 may interleave the bit groups interleaved by part 1 using part 1 of the block interleaver described with reference to FIG. 19.

The part 2 block interleaver 733 performs the block interleaving on the bit groups interleaved by part 2 by the type A and B schemes.

Specifically, since the bit groups interleaved by part 2 are interleaved by the same scheme of writing in the column direction and reading in the row direction in FIGS. 15 and 19, the part 2 block interleaver 733 may interleave the bit groups interleaved by part 2 using part 2 of the block interleaver described with reference to FIGS. 15 and 19.

The switch 720 may perform an switching operation such that the LDPC codeword is interleaved by a specific scheme according to the code rate, the code length, and the modulation order.

Specifically, when the bits are interleaved by the type A scheme according to the code rate, the code length, and the modulation order based on above Tables 19 and 20, the switch 720 may perform the switching operation such that the bit groups interleaved by part 1 is output to the part 1 block interleaver-A 731.

Further, when the bits are interleaved by the type B scheme according to the code rate, the code length, and the modulation order based on above Tables 19 and 20, the switch 720 may perform the switching operation such that the bit groups interleaved by part 1 is output to the part 1 block interleaver-B 732.

The concatenator 740 again concatenates the bit groups divided by the part divider 710 to output the LDPC codeword having the code length before being divided.

Specifically, the concatenator 740 may add the bits output from the part 2 block interleaver 733 after the bits output from the part 1 block interleaver-A 731.

Further, the concatenator 740 may add the bits output from the part 2 block interleaver 733 after the bits output from the part 1 block interleaver-B 732.

Meanwhile, FIG. 23 is a block diagram for describing components of a block interleaver according to another exemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 23, the block interleaver 423 may include a part divider 810, an inner block interleaver 820, a part 1 block interleaver 830, a part 2 block interleaver 840, and a concatenator 850.

The part divider 810 divides an LDPC codeword into a part interleaved by part 1 and a part interleaved by part 2.

Meanwhile, a method for dividing bit groups interleaved by part 1 and bit groups interleaved by part 2 in the LDPC codeword was described with reference to FIG. 20.

The inner block interleaver 820 may interleave the bit groups interleaved by part 1.

Specifically, the block interleaver 820 may change the order of the bit groups interleaved by part 1.

That is, when the part 1 block interleaver 830 interleaves the bit groups corresponding to part 1 by the type A scheme, the inner block interleaver 820 may change the order of the bit group corresponding to part 1 before being interleaved by the part 1 block interleaver 830 such that a result obtained by interleaving the bit groups corresponding to part 1 by the part 1 block interleaver 830 is the same as a result obtained by interleaving the bit group corresponding to part 1 by the type B scheme.

That is, in the block interleaver of type B, the bit groups are sequentially written in the plurality of columns one by one and the bit groups are written in the final column and then the bit groups are sequentially written in the plurality of columns one by one from the first column. On the other hand, in a case of the block interleaver of type A, when the bit group is written in one column and all the bits are written in the corresponding column, the bit groups are written in the next column.

Therefore, when the part 1 block interleaver 830 writes the bit group by the type A scheme, the inner block interleaver 820 may change the order of the bit groups interleaved by part 1 so that like the case of writing by the type B scheme, the specific bit group is written in the specific position.

For example, as described with reference to FIGS. 18 and 19, in the case of the block interleaver of type B, the bit groups Y₀, Y_(Nc), . . . , Y_((A−1)×Nc) are written in the 0-th column, and the bit groups Y₁, Y_(Nc+1), . . . , Y_((A−1)×Nc+1) are written in the first column, and the bit groups Y_(Nc-1), Y_(2Nc−1), . . . , Y_(NC×A−1) are written in the (N_(c)−1)-th column.

On the other hand, as described with reference to FIGS. 15 and 16, the block interleaver of type A writes bits in all the rows of one column and writes bits in the next column.

Therefore, the inner block interleaver 820 may change the order of the bit groups interleaved by part 1 so that the order of the bit groups are “Y₀, Y_(Nc), . . . , Y_((A−1)×Nc), Y₁, Y_(Nc+1), . . . , Y_((A−1)×Nc+1), . . . , Y_(Nc−1), Y_(2Nc−1), . . . , Y_(NC×A−1)”.

In this case, the inner block interleaver 820 may selectively interleave the bit groups interleaved by part 1.

That is, when the bit groups are interleaved by the type A scheme according to the code rate, the code length, and the modulation order based on above Tables 19 and 20, the inner block interleaver 820 does not interleave the bit group, and when the bit groups are interleaved by the type B scheme, the inner block interleaver 820 may interleave the bit group.

The part 1 block interleaver 830 performs the block interleaving on the bit groups interleaved by part 1 by the type A scheme.

Specifically, the part 1 block interleaver 830 may interleave the bit groups interleaved by part 1 using part 1 of the block interleaver described with reference to FIGS. 15 and 16.

The part 2 block interleaver 840 performs the block interleaving on the bit groups interleaved by part 2 by the type A and B schemes.

Specifically, when the bit group is interleaved by the type A scheme, the part 2 block interleaver 840 may interleave the bit group corresponding to part 2 by the above-mentioned method in FIG. 15 or 16, or when the bit group is interleaved by the type B scheme, the part 2 block interleaver 840 may interleave the bit group corresponding to part 2 by the above-mentioned method in FIG. 18 or 19.

The concatenator 850 again concatenates the bit groups divided by the part divider 810 to output the LDPC codeword having the code length before being divided.

Specifically, the concatenator 850 may add the bits output from the part 2 block interleaver 840 after the bits output from the part 1 block interleaver 830.

Meanwhile, the above-mentioned example describes that the block interleaver 423 interleaves the LDPC codeword using part 1 and part 2.

However, even when the block interleaver 423 interleaves the LDPC codeword without dividing the part, the block interleaver of type A or the block interleaver of type B may be selectively used by the switching operation to interleave the LDPC codeword.

Meanwhile, FIG. 24 is a block diagram for describing components of a block interleaver according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 24, the block interleaver 423 may include a part divider 910, a part 1 block interleaver 920, a part 2 block interleaver 930, and a concatenator 940.

The part divider 910 divides a part interleaved by the part 1 in the LDPC codeword and a part interleaved by the part 2.

Meanwhile, a method for dividing the bit groups interleaved by the part 1 and the bit groups interleaved by the part 2 in the LDPC codeword was described with reference to FIG. 20.

The part 1 block interleaver 920 may interleave bits corresponding to the part 1.

Specifically, the part 1 block interleaver 920 may interleave the bits corresponding to the part 1 by the type A scheme or the type B scheme regardless of the schemes defined in the above Tables 19 and 20 according to the code rate, the code length, and the modulation order.

That is, the part 1 block interleaver 920 may interleave the bit groups interleaved by the part 1 using the part 1 of the interleaver described with reference to FIGS. 15 and 16.

Specifically, the part 1 block interleaver 920 writes the bit group in one column and when all the bits are written in the corresponding column, writes the bit group in the next column and reads the bits written in the plurality of columns, thereby performing the interleaving.

Alternatively, the part 1 block interleaver 920 may interleave the bit groups interleaved by the part 1 using the part 1 of the block interleaver described with reference to FIGS. 18 and 19.

Specifically, the part 1 block interleaver 920 writes the bit group in the plurality of columns one by one, writes the bit group in the final column, and again writes the bit groups in the plurality of columns from the first column one by one, and reads the bits written in the plurality of columns, thereby performing the interleaving.

Meanwhile, in the foregoing example, the bits corresponding to the part 1 are interleaved by the type A scheme or the type B scheme regardless of the schemes defined in the above Tables 19 and 20, which is only an example. That is, some cases perform the interleaving by the type A scheme or the type B scheme according to the schemes defined in the above Tables 19 and 20 based on the code rate, the code length, and the modulation order and the remaining cases may perform the interleaving by the type A or the type B regardless of the schemes defined in the above Tables 19 and 20.

The part 2 block interleaver 930 performs the interleaving on the bit groups interleaved by the part 2.

In this case, the part 2 block interleaver 930 may interleave the bit group interleaved by the part 2 according to the scheme of the same type as the type used in the part 1 block interleaver 920.

That is, the part 2 block interleaver 930 may interleave the bit group corresponding to the part 2 by the method described in FIG. 15 or 16 when the interleaving is performed by the type A scheme in the part 1 block interleaver 920.

Further, the part 2 block interleaver 930 may interleave the bit group corresponding to the part 2 by the method described in FIG. 18 or 19 when the interleaving is performed by the type B scheme in the part 1 block interleaver 920.

The concatenator 940 again concatenates the bit groups divided by the part divider 910 to output the LDPC codeword having the code length before being divided.

Specifically, the concatenator 940 may add the bits output from the part 2 block interleaver 930 after the bits output from the part 1 block interleaver 920.

The constellation mapper 430 may map the LDPC codeword to the constellation points.

For example, the constellation mapper 430 may modulate the interleaved LDPC codeword bits by various modulation schemes such as the QPSK, the 16-QAM, the 64-QAM, the 256-QAM, the 1024-QAM, and the 4096-QAM and map the modulated bits to the constellation points.

In this case, the scheme of modulating LDPC codeword bits may be established in advance. In these cases, the transmitter 1000 may map the constellation symbols corresponding to the constellation points to the frame, which may then be transmitted to the receiver 2000.

Meanwhile, as described above, the information bits are data and therefore the transmitter 1000 may map the data and the L1 signaling for processing data to the frame and transmit the data and the L1 signaling to the receiver 2000.

In detail, the transmitter 1000 may process the L1 signaling in a specific scheme to generate the constellation symbols and map the generated constellation symbols to data symbols of each frame. Further, the transmitter 1000 may map the L1 signaling for the data mapped to each frame to a preamble of the corresponding frame. For example, the transmitter 1000 may map the L1 signaling including the signaling information for the data mapped to the i-th frame to the i-th frame.

As a result, the receiver 2000 may use the signaling acquired from the frame to acquire and process the data from the corresponding frame.

FIGS. 25 and 26 are block diagrams for describing a configuration of a receiver according to an exemplary embodiment.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 25, the receiver 2000 may include a constellation demapper 2510, a multiplexer 2520, an LLR inserter 2530, an LLR combiner 2540, a parity depermutator 2550, an LDPC decoder 2560, a zero remover 2570, a BCH decoder 2580, and a descrambler 2590 to process the L1-basic signaling.

Further, as shown in FIG. 26, the receiver 2000 may include constellation demappers 2611 and 2612, multiplexers 2621 and 2622, an LLR inserter 2630, an LLR combiner 2640, a parity depermutator 2650, an LDPC decoder 2660, a zero remover 2670, a BCH decoder 2680, a descrambler 2690, and a desegmenter 2695 to process the L1-detail signaling.

Here, components shown in FIGS. 25 and 26 are components performing the functions corresponding to components shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, which is only an example and in some cases, some of the components may be omitted and changed and other components may be added. For example, the receiver 2000 is a component for performing functions corresponding to component shown in FIG. 1 and may also include only a constellation demapper, an LLR inserter, an LLR combiner, and an LDPC decoder.

The receiver 2000 may acquire the frame synchronization using the bootstrap of the frame and receive the L1-basic signaling from the preamble of the frame using the information for processing the L1-basic signaling included in the bootstrap.

Further, the receiver 2000 may receive the L1-detail signaling from the preamble using the information for processing the L1-detail signaling included in the L1-basic signaling and receive broadcasting data required by the user from the data symbols of the frame using the L1-detail signaling.

Therefore, the receiver 2000 may determine the mode of processing, by the transmitter 1000, the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling and process the signal received from the transmitter 1000 depending on the determined mode to receive the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling. For this purpose, the receiver 2000 may pre-store the information on the parameters used for the transmitter 1000 to process the signaling depending on the mode.

As such, the L1-basic signaling and the L1-detail signaling may be sequentially acquired from the preamble and in describing FIGS. 25 and 26, components performing the common functions will be described together for convenience of explanation.

The constellation demappers 2510, 2611, and 2612 demodulate the signal received from the transmitter 1000.

Specifically, the constellation demappers 2510, 2611, and 2612 are components corresponding to the constellation mappers 221, 324, and 325 of the transmitter 1000 and may demodulate the signal received from the transmitter 1000 and generate values corresponding to the bits transmitted from the transmitter 1000.

That is, as described above, the transmitter 1000 maps the LDPC codeword including the L1-basic signaling and the LDPC codeword including the L1-detail signaling to the preamble of the frame and transmits the mapped LDPC codeword to the receiver 2000. Further, in some cases, the transmitter 1000 may map the additional parity bits to the preamble of the frame and transmit the mapped bits to the receiver 2000.

As a result, the constellation demappers 2510 and 2611 may generate values corresponding to the LDPC codeword bits including the L1-basic signaling and the LDPC codeword bits including the L1-detail signaling. Further, the constellation demapper 2612 may generate values corresponding to the additional parity bits.

For this purpose, the receiver 2000 may pre-store the information on the modulation scheme of, by the transmitter 1000, modulating the L1-basic signaling, the L1-detail signaling, and the additional parity bits depending on the mode. Therefore, the constellation demappers 2510, 2611, and 2612 may demodulate the signal received from the transmitter 1000 depending on the mode to generate the values corresponding to the LDPC codeword bits and the additional parity bits.

Meanwhile, the values corresponding to the bits transmitted from the transmitter 1000 are values calculated based on the probability that the received bit is normally 0 and 1 and each probability itself may also be used as values corresponding to each bit and may also be a likelihood ratio (LR) or a log likelihood ratio (LLR) value as another example.

Specifically, the LR value may represent a ratio of the probability that the bit transmitted from the transmitter 1000 is 0 and the probability that the bit is 1 and the LLR value may represent a value obtained by taking a log on the probability that the bit transmitted from the transmitter 1000 is 0 and the probability that the bit is 1.

Meanwhile, it is described that the foregoing example uses the LR value or the LLR value, which is only one example. Therefore, the received signal itself may also be used.

The multiplexers 2520, 2621, and 2622 perform the multiplexing on the LLR values output from the constellation demappers 2510, 2611, and 2612.

Specifically, the multiplexers 2520, 2621, and 2622 are components corresponding to the bit demultiplexers 219, 322, and 323 of the transmitter 1000 and may perform the operations corresponding to the bit demultiplexers 219, 322, and 323.

For this purpose, the receiver 2000 may pre-store the information on the parameters used for the transmitter 1000 to perform the demultiplexing and the block interleaving. Therefore, the multiplexers 2520, 2621, and 2622 may reversely perform the demultiplexing and the block interleaving operations of the bit demultiplexers 219, 322, and 323 on the LLR value corresponding to the cell word to multiplex the LLR value corresponding to the cell word in a bit unit.

The LLR inserters 2530 and 2630 may insert the LLR values for the puncturing and shortening bits into the LLR values output from the multiplexers 2520 and 2621. In this case, the LLR inserters 2530 and 2630 may insert previously appointed LLR values between the LLR values output from the multiplexers 2520 and 2621 or into a head portion or a tail portion thereof.

Specifically, the LLR inserters 2530 and 2630 are components corresponding to the zero removers 218 and 321 and the puncturers 217 and 317 of the transmitter 1000 and may perform the operations corresponding to the zero removers 218 and 321 and the puncturers 216 and 317.

First, the LLR inserters 2530 and 2630 may insert the LLR values corresponding to the zero bits into a position where the zero bits in the LDPC codeword are padded. In this case, the LLR values corresponding to the padded zero bits, that is, the shortened zero bits may be ∞ or −∞. However, ∞ or −∞ are a theoretical value but may actually be a maximum value or a minimum value of the LLR value used in the receiver 2000.

For this purpose, the receiver 2000 may pre-store information on parameters and/or patterns used for the transmitter 1000 to pad the zero bits depending on the mode. Therefore, the LLR inserters 2530 and 2630 may determine positions where the zero bits in the LDPC codeword are padded depending on the mode and insert the LLR values corresponding to the shortened zero bits into the corresponding positions.

Further, the LLR inserters 2530 and 2630 may insert the LLR values corresponding to the punctured bits into the positions of the punctured bits in the LDPC codeword. In this case, the LLR values corresponding to the punctured bits may be 0.

For this purpose, the receiver 2000 may pre-store information on parameters and/or patterns used for the transmitter 1000 to perform the puncturing depending on the mode. Therefore, the LLR inserters 2530 and 2630 may determine the lengths of the punctured LDPC parity bits depending on the mode and insert the corresponding LLR values into the positions where the LDPC parity bits are punctured.

Meanwhile, in the case of the additional parity bits selected from the punctured bits among the additional parity bits, the LLR inserter 2630 may insert the LLR values corresponding to the received additional parity bits, not the LLR value ‘0’ for the punctured bit, into the positions of the punctured bits.

The LLR combiners 2540 and 2640 may combine, that is, sum the LLR values output from the LLR inserters 2530 and 2630 and the multiplexer 2622. However, the LLR combiners 2540 and 2640 serve to update LLR values for specific bits into better values. However, the LLR values for the specific bits may also be decoded from the received LLR values without the LLR combiners 2540 and 2640 and therefore in some cases, the LLR combiners 2440 and 2540 may be omitted.

Specifically, the LLR combiner 2540 is a component corresponding to the repeater 217 of the transmitter 1000 and may perform the operation corresponding to the repeater 217. Alternatively, the LLR combiner 2640 is a component corresponding to the repeater 318 and the additional parity generator 319 of the transmitter 1000 and may perform the operations corresponding to the repeater 317 and the additional parity generator 319.

First, the LLR combiners 2540 and 2640 may combine the LLR values corresponding to the repeated bits with other LLR values. Here, the other LLR values may be bits which are a basis of the generation of the repeated bits by the transmitter 1000, that is, the LLR values for the LDPC parity bits selected as the repeated object.

That is, as described above, the transmitter 1000 selects bits from the LDPC codeword and repeats the selected bits after the LPDC parity bits and transmits the repeated bits to the receiver 2000.

Therefore, the LLR values for the LDPC codeword bits may consist of the LLR values for the repeated bits and the LLR values for non-repeated bits. Therefore, the LLR combiners 2540 and 2640 may combine the LLR values for the same bits.

For this purpose, the receiver 2000 may pre-store the information on the parameters used for the transmitter 1000 to perform the repetition depending on the mode. As a result, the LLR combiners 2540 and 2640 may determine the lengths of the repeated LDPC parity bits, determine the positions of the bits which are a basis of the repetition, and combine the LLR values for the repeated bits with the LLR values for the bits which are a basis of the repetition.

Further, the LLR combiner 2640 may combine the LLR values corresponding to the additional parity bits with other LLR values. Here, the other LLR values may be the LDPC parity bits which are a basis of the generation of the additional parity bits by the transmitter 1000, that is, the LLR values for the LDPC parity bits selected for the generation of the additional parity bits.

For this purpose, the receiver 2000 may pre-store information on parameters used for the transmitter 1000 to generate the additional parity bits depending on the mode. As a result, the LLR combiner 2640 may determine the lengths of the additional parity bits, determine the positions of the LDPC parity bits which are a basis of the generation of the additional parity bits, and combine the LLR values for the additional parity bits with the LLR values for the LDPC parity bits which are a basis of the generation of the additional parity bits.

The parity depermutators 2550 and 2650 may depermutate the LLR values output from the LLR combiners 2640 and 2540.

Specifically, the parity depermutators 2550 and 2650 are components corresponding to the parity permutators 215 and 316 of the transmitter 1000 and may perform the operations corresponding to the parity permutators 215 and 316.

For this purpose, the receiver 2000 may pre-store information on parameters and/or patterns used for the transmitter 1000 to perform the group-wise interleaving and the parity interleaving depending on the mode. Therefore, the parity depermutators 2550 and 2650 may reversely perform the group-wise interleaving and parity interleaving operations of the parity permutators 215 and 316 on the LLR values corresponding to the LDPC codeword bits, that is, perform the deinterleaving and parity deinterleaving operations to perform the parity depermutation on the LLR values corresponding to the LDPC codeword bits.

The LDPC decoders 2560 and 2660 may perform the LDPC decoding based on the LLR values output from the parity depermutators 2650 and 2550.

Specifically, the LDPC decoders 2560 and 2660 are components corresponding to the LDPC encoders 214 and 315 of the transmitter 1000 and may perform the operations corresponding to the LDPC encoders 214 and 315.

For this purpose, the receiver 2000 may pre-store information on parameters used for the transmitter 1000 to perform the LDPC encoding depending on the mode. Therefore, the LDPC decoders 2560 and 2660 may perform the LDPC decoding based on the LLR values output from the parity depermutators 2550 and 2650 depending on the mode.

For example, the LDPC decoders 2560 and 2660 may perform the LDPC decoding based on the LLR values output from the parity depermutators 2550 and 2650 by iterative decoding based on a sum-product algorithm and output error-corrected bits depending on the LDPC decoding.

The zero removers 2570 and 2670 may remove the zero bits from the bits output from the LDPC decoders 2560 and 2660.

Specifically, the zero removers 2570 and 2670 are components corresponding to the zero padders 213 and 314 of the transmitter 1000 and may perform the operations corresponding to the zero padders 213 and 314.

For this purpose, the receiver 2000 may pre-store information on parameters and/or patterns used for the transmitter 1000 to pad the zero bits depending on the mode. As a result, the zero removers 2570 and 2670 may remove the zero bits padded by the zero padders 213 and 314 from the bits output from the LDPC decoders 2560 and 2660.

The BCH decoders 2580 and 2680 may perform the BCH decoding on the bits output from the zero removers 2570 and 2670.

Specifically, the BCH decoders 2580 and 2680 are components corresponding to the BCH encoders 212 and 313 of the transmitter 1000 and may perform the operations corresponding to the BCH encoders 212 and 313.

For this purpose, the receiver 2000 may pre-store the information on the parameters used to perform the BCH encoding. As a result, the BCH decoders 2580 and 2680 may correct errors by performing the BCH decoding on the bits output from the zero removers 2570 and 2670 and output the error-corrected bits.

The descramblers 2590 and 2690 may descramble the bits output from the BCH decoders 2580 and 2680.

Specifically, the descramblers 2590 and 2690 are components corresponding to the scramblers 211 and 312 of the transmitter 1000 and may perform the operations corresponding to the scramblers 211 and 312.

For this purpose, the receiver 2000 may pre-store the information on the parameters used for the transmitter 1000 to perform the scrambling. As a result, the descramblers 2590 and 2690 may descramble the bits output from the BCH decoders 2580 and 2680 and output them.

As a result, the L1-basic signaling transmitted from the transmitter 1000 may be recovered. Further, when the transmitter 1000 does not perform the segmentation on the L1-detail signaling, the L1-detail signaling transmitted from the transmitter 1000 may also be recovered.

However, when the transmitter 1000 performs the segmentation on the L1-detail signaling, the desegmenter 2695 may desegment the bits output from the descrambler 2690.

Specifically, the desegmenter 2695 is a component corresponding to the segmenter 311 of the transmitter 1000 and may perform the operation corresponding to the segmenter 311.

For this purpose, the receiver 2000 may pre-store the information on the parameters used for the transmitter 1000 to perform the segmentation. As a result, the desegmenter 2695 may combine the bits output from the descrambler 2690, that is, the segments for the L1-detail signaling to recover the non-segmented L1-detail signaling.

FIG. 27 is a block diagram for describing a configuration of a receiver according to an exemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 27, a receiver 2000 includes a constellation demapper 2710, a deinterleaver 2720, and an LDPC decoder 2730.

The constellation demapper 2710 demodulates the signal received from the transmitter 1000.

Specifically, the constellation demapper 2710 is a component corresponding to the constellation mapper 430 of the transmitter 1000 and may demodulate the signal received from the transmitter 1000 and generate values corresponding to the bits transmitted from the transmitter 1000.

That is, as described above, the transmitter 1000 maps the LDPC codeword including data to the data symbol of the frame and transmits it to the receiver 2000. Therefore, the constellation demapper 2710 may generate values corresponding to the LDPC codeword bits including the data.

For this purpose, the receiver 2000 may pre-store the information on the modulation scheme modulating data in the transmitter 1000. Therefore, the constellation demapper 2710 may demodulate the signal received from the transmitter 1000 to generate values corresponding to the LDPC codeword bits including the data.

Meanwhile, the values corresponding to the bits transmitted from the transmitter 1000 are values calculated based on the probability that the received bit is normally 0 and 1 and each probability itself may also be used as values corresponding to each bit and may also be a likelihood ratio (LR) or a log likelihood ratio (LLR) value as another example.

Specifically, the LR value may represent a ratio of the probability that the bit transmitted from the transmitter 1000 is 0 and the probability that the bit is 1 and the LLR value may represent a value obtained by taking a log on the probability that the bit transmitted from the transmitter 1000 is 0 and the probability that the bit is 1.

Meanwhile, it is described that the foregoing example uses the LR value or the LLR value, which is only one example. Therefore, the received signal itself may also be used.

The deinterleaver 2720 deinterleaves values corresponding to the bits transmitted from the transmitter 1000 and outputs them to the decoder 2730.

Specifically, the deinterleaver 2720 is a component corresponding to the interleaver 420 of the transmitter 1000 and performs an operation corresponding to the interleaver 420. That is, the deinterleaver 2720 reversely performs the interleaving operation performed by the interleaver 420 to deinterleave the LLR value.

For this purpose, as shown in FIG. 28, the deinterleaver 2720 may include a block deinterleaver 2721, a group deinterleaver 2722, and a parity deinterleaver 2723.

The block deinterleaver 2721 deinterleaves values corresponding to the bits transmitted from the transmitter 1000, for example, LLR values and outputs them to the group deinterleaver 2722.

Specifically, the block deinterleaver 2721 is a component corresponding to the block deinterleaver 423 included in the transmitter 1000 and may reversely perform the interleaving operation performed by the block interleaver 423.

That is, the block deinterleaver 2721 may use at least one row formed of the plurality of columns to write the LLR value in each row in the row direction and read each column of the plurality of rows in which the values corresponding to the bits are written in the column direction to perform the deinterleaving.

In this case, when the block interleaver 423 performs the interleaving by dividing the column into two parts, the block deinterleaver 2721 may perform the deinterleaving by dividing the row into the two parts.

Further, when the block interleaver 423 writes and reads the bit groups that do not belong to the first part in the row direction, the block deinterleaver 2721 may write and read the values corresponding to the groups that do not belong to the first part in the column direction to perform the deinterleaving.

For this purpose, the block deinterleaver 2721 may include components as shown in FIGS. 29 to 32.

First, as shown in FIG. 29, the block deinterleaver 2721 may include a part divider 2810, switches 2821 and 2822, a part 1 block deinterleaver A 2831, a part 1 block interleaver B 2832, a part 2 block interleaver 2833, and a concatenator 2840.

Specifically, the block deinterleaver 2721 as shown in FIG. 29 may be used when the block interleaver 423 performs the block interleaving using the components as shown in FIG. 20.

For this purpose, the receiver 2000 may pre-store the information on the interleaving scheme performed in the transmitter 1000.

The part divider 2810 divides a part deinterleaved by part 1 and a part deinterleaved by part 2 in the LLR values.

For this purpose, the receiver 2000 may pre-store information on the number of bits interleaved by part 1 and part 2 in the transmitter 1000.

Therefore, the part divider 2810 may determine the LLR values deinterleaved by part 1 and the LLR values deinterleaved by part 2 and output the determined LLR values to the switches 2821 and 2822.

The part 1 block deinterleaver A 2831 deinterleaves the LLR values deinterleaved by part 1.

In detail, the part 1 block deinterleaver A 2831 may reversely perform the interleaving operation performed by the part 1 block interleaver A 531 illustrated in FIG. 20 to deinterleave the LLR values deinterleaved by part 1.

The part 1 block deinterleaver B 2832 deinterleaves the LLR values deinterleaved by part 1.

Specifically, the part 1 block deinterleaver B 2832 may reversely perform the interleaving operation performed by the part 1 block interleaver B 532 illustrated in FIG. 20 to deinterleave the LLR values deinterleaved by part 1.

The part 2 block deinterleaver 2833 deinterleaves the LLR values deinterleaved by part 2.

Specifically, the part 2 block deinterleaver B 2833 may reversely perform the interleaving operation performed by the part 2 block interleaver 533 illustrated in FIG. 20 to deinterleave the LLR values deinterleaved by part 2.

The switches 2821 and 2822 may perform the switching operation so that the LLR values are deinterleaved by the specific scheme.

In detail, when the transmitter 1000 interleaves the bits by the type A scheme, the switches 2821 and 2822 may perform the switching operation so that the LLR values deinterleaved by part 1 are output to the part 1 block deinterleaver A 2831 and the LLR values deinterleaved by part 2 are output to the part 2 block deinterleaver 2833.

Further, when the transmitter 1000 interleaves the bits by the type B scheme, the switches 2821 and 2822 may perform the switching operation so that the LLR values deinterleaved by part 1 are output to the part 1 block deinterleaver B 2832 and the LLR values deinterleaved by part 2 bypass the part 2 block deinterleaver 2833.

Here, the reason of performing the switching operation to allow the LLR values deinterleaved by part 2 to bypass the part 2 block deinterleaver 2833 is that as illustrated in FIG. 20, the bits corresponding to part 2 are not substantially interleaved.

The concatenator 2840 again concatenates the values divided by the part divider 2810 to output the values having the length before being divided.

Specifically, the concatenator 2840 may add the LLR values output from the part 2 block deinterleaver 2833 after the LLR values output from the part 1 block deinterleaver A 2831.

Further, the concatenator 2840 may add the values output from the part divider 2810 after the LLR values output from the part 1 block deinterleaver B 2832.

Meanwhile, as shown in FIG. 30, the block deinterleaver 2721 may include a part divider 2910, a switch 2920, a part 1 block deinterleaver A 2931, a part 1 block deinterleaver B 2932, and a concatenator 2940.

Specifically, the block deinterleaver 2721 as shown in FIG. 30 may be used when the block interleaver 423 performs the block interleaving using the components as shown in FIG. 21.

For this purpose, the receiver 2000 may pre-store the information on the interleaving scheme performed in the transmitter 1000.

The part divider 2910 divides a part deinterleaved by part 1 and a part deinterleaved by part 2 in the LLR values.

Meanwhile, a method for dividing LLR values deinterleaved by part 1 and LLR values deinterleaved by part 2 was described with reference to FIG. 29.

The part 1 block deinterleaver A 2921 deinterleaves the LLR values deinterleaved by part 1.

Specifically, the part 1 block deinterleaver A 2931 may reversely perform the interleaving operation performed by the part 1 block interleaver A 631 illustrated in FIG. 21 to deinterleave the LLR values deinterleaved by part 1.

The part 1 block deinterleaver B 2932 deinterleaves the LLR values deinterleaved by part 1.

Specifically, the part 1 block deinterleaver B 2932 may reversely perform the interleaving operation performed by the part 1 block interleaver B 632 illustrated in FIG. 21 to deinterleave the LLR values deinterleaved by part 1.

The switch 2921 may perform the switching operation so that the LLR values are deinterleaved by the specific scheme.

Specifically, when the transmitter 1000 interleaves the bits by the type A scheme, the switch 2921 may perform the switching operation so that the LLR values deinterleaved by part 1 are output to the part 1 block deinterleaver A 2931.

Specifically, when the transmitter 1000 interleaves the bits by the type B scheme, the switch 2921 may perform the switching operation so that the LLR values deinterleaved by part 1 are output to the part 1 block deinterleaver B 2932.

Meanwhile, referring to FIG. 30, it may be appreciated that the LLR values interleaved by part 2 output from the part divider 2910 may be input to the concatenator 2940 without passing through the separate deinterleaver. The reason is that in FIG. 21, the bits corresponding to part 2 are not substantially interleaved.

The concatenator 2940 again concatenates the values divided by the part divider 290 to output the values having the length before being divided.

Specifically, the concatenator 2940 may add the LLR values output from the part divider 2910 after the LLR values output from the part 1 block deinterleaver 2931 or the part 1 block deinterleaver B 2932.

Meanwhile, as shown in FIG. 31, the block deinterleaver 2721 may include a part divider 3010, a switch 3020, a part 1 block deinterleaver A 3031, a part 1 block deinterleaver B 3032, a part 2 block deinterleaver 3033, and a concatenator 3040.

Specifically, the block deinterleaver 2721 as shown in FIG. 31 may be used when the block interleaver 423 performs the block interleaving using the components as shown in FIG. 22.

For this purpose, the receiver 2000 may pre-store the information on the interleaving scheme performed in the transmitter 1000.

The part divider 3010 divides a part deinterleaved by part 1 and a part deinterleaved by part 2 in the LLR values.

Meanwhile, a method for dividing LLR values deinterleaved by part 1 and LLR values deinterleaved by part 2 was described with reference to FIG. 29.

The part 1 block deinterleaver A 3031 deinterleaves the LLR values deinterleaved by part 1.

Specifically, the part 1 block deinterleaver A 3031 may reversely perform the interleaving operation performed by the part 1 block interleaver A 731 illustrated in FIG. 22 to deinterleave the LLR values deinterleaved by part 1.

The part 1 block deinterleaver B 3032 deinterleaves the LLR values deinterleaved by part 1.

Specifically, the part 1 block deinterleaver B 3032 may reversely perform the interleaving operation performed by the part 1 block interleaver B 732 illustrated in FIG. 22 to deinterleave the LLR values deinterleaved by part 1.

The part 2 block deinterleaver 3033 deinterleaves the LLR values deinterleaved by part 2.

Specifically, the part 2 block deinterleaver B 3033 may reversely perform the interleaving operation performed by part 2 block interleaver 733 illustrated in FIG. 22 to deinterleave the LLR values deinterleaved by part 2.

The switch 3020 may perform the switching operation so that the LLR values are deinterleaved by the specific scheme.

Specifically, when the transmitter 1000 interleaves the bits by the type A scheme, the switch 3020 may perform the switching operation so that the values corresponding to the bit groups deinterleaved by part 1 are output to the part 1 block deinterleaver A 3031.

Further, when the transmitter 1000 interleaves the bits by the type B scheme, the switch 3020 may perform the switching operation so that the values corresponding to the bit groups deinterleaved by part 1 are output to the part 1 block deinterleaver B 3032.

The concatenator 3040 again concatenates the values divided by the part divider 3010 to output the values having the length before being divided.

Specifically, the concatenator 3040 may add the LLR values output from the part 2 block deinterleaver 3033 after the LLR values output from the part 1 block deinterleaver A 3031.

Further, the concatenator 3040 may add the LLR values output from the part 2 block deinterleaver 3033 after the LLR values output from the part 1 block deinterleaver A 3031.

Meanwhile, as shown in FIG. 32, the block deinterleaver 2721 may include a part divider 3110, a part 1 block deinterleaver A 3120, an inner block interleaver 3130, a part 2 block interleaver 3140, and a concatenator 3150.

Specifically, the block deinterleaver 2721 as shown in FIG. 32 may be used when the block interleaver 423 performs the block interleaving using the components as shown in FIG. 23.

For this purpose, the receiver 2000 may pre-store the information on the interleaving scheme performed in the transmitter 1000.

The part divider 3110 divides a part deinterleaved by part 1 and a part deinterleaved by part 2 in the LLR values.

Meanwhile, a method for dividing LLR values deinterleaved by part 1 and LLR values deinterleaved by part 2 was described with reference to FIG. 29.

The part 1 block deinterleaver 3120 deinterleaves the LLR values deinterleaved by part 1.

Specifically, the part 1 block deinterleaver 3120 may reversely perform the interleaving operation performed by the part 1 block interleaver 830 illustrated in FIG. 23 to deinterleave the LLR values deinterleaved by part 1.

The inner block deinterleaver 3130 deinterleaves the LLR values corresponding to the deinterleaved part 1.

Specifically, the inner block deinterleaver 3130 may reversely perform the interleaving operation performed by the inner block interleaver 820 illustrated in FIG. 23 to deinterleave the LLR values corresponding to the deinterleaved part 1 in the bits group wise.

The part 2 block deinterleaver 3140 deinterleaves the LLR values deinterleaved by part 2.

Specifically, the part 2 block deinterleaver 3140 may reversely perform the interleaving operation performed by the part 2 block interleaver 840 illustrated in FIG. 23 to deinterleave the LLR values deinterleaved by part 2.

The concatenator 3150 again concatenates the values divided by the part divider 3110 to output the values having the length before being divided.

Specifically, the concatenator 3150 may add the LLR values output from the part 2 block deinterleaver 3140 after the LLR values output from the inner block deinterleaver 3130.

The group deinterleaver 2722 deinterleaves the output value of the block deinterleaver 2721 and outputs it to the parity deinterleaver 2723.

In detail, the group deinterleaver 2722 is a component corresponding to the group interleaver 422 included in the transmitter 1000 and may reversely perform the interleaving operation performed by the group interleaver 422.

That is, the group deinterleaver 2722 may reversely perform the interleaving operation performed by the group interleaver 422 to rearrange the order of the LLR values corresponding to the plurality of bit groups in the bits group wise.

Specifically, when the group interleaver 422 may perform the interleaving based on the above Tables 9 to 18, the group deinterleaver 2722 may reversely perform the interleaving operation based on the above Tables 9 to 18 to output the LLR values having the order of bits before the group interleaving.

For example, the case in which the LDPC information bits are encoded by using a code rate of 2/15 to generate the LDPC codeword having a length of 64800 and the LDPC codeword bits are modulated by the QPSK is assumed.

In this case, the group interleaver 422 may perform the interleaving using π(j) defined when the code rate is 2/15 in the Table 9.

As a result, the group deinterleaver 2722 may reversely perform the interleaving operation based on the above Table 9 to output the LLR values having the order of bits before the group interleaving.

For example, the group deinterleaver 2722 deinterleaves the LLR values corresponding to the 0-th bit group at the position corresponding to the 70-th bit group, the LLR values corresponding to the 1-th bit group at the position corresponding to the 149-th bit group, . . . , the values corresponding to the 178-th bit group at the position corresponding to the 38-th bit group, the LLR values corresponding to the 179-th bit group at the position corresponding to the 17-th bit group, thereby outputting the LLR values having the order of bits before the group interleaving.

For this purpose, the receiver 2000 may pre-store the information on the group interleaving scheme performed in the transmitter 1000.

Meanwhile, the foregoing example describes that the receiver 2000 includes the block interleaver corresponding to each of the types of the block interleaving types performed by the transmitter 1000, that is, the type A block deinterleaver for performing the deinterleaving according to the type A scheme and the type B deinterleaver for performing the deinterleaving according to the type B scheme, which is only an example.

That is, the receiver 2000 may include only one type block deinterleaver to process the signal transmitted from the transmitter 1000.

For this purpose, as shown in FIG. 33, the block deinterleaver 2721 may include a part divider 3210, a part 1 block deinterleaver 3220, a part 2 block interleaver B 3230, and a concatenator 3240.

The part divider 3210 divides a part deinterleaved by the part 1 and a part deinterleaved by the part 2 in the LLR values.

Meanwhile, a method for dividing LLR values deinterleaved by part 1 and LLR values deinterleaved by part 2 was described with reference to FIG. 29.

The part 1 block deinterleaver 3220 deinterleaves the LLR values deinterleaved by the part 1.

Specifically, the part 1 block deinterleaver 3220 may deinterleave the LLR values corresponding to the part 1 by the deinterleaving scheme corresponding to the type A interleaving scheme. That is, the part 1 block deinterleaver 3220 may deinterleave the LLR values corresponding to the part 1 by reversely performing the interleaving operation according to the type A scheme.

Alternatively, the part 1 block deinterleaver 3220 may deinterleave the LLR values corresponding to the part 1 by the deinterleaving scheme corresponding to the type B interleaving scheme. That is, the part 1 block deinterleaver 3220 may deinterleave the LLR values corresponding to the part 1 by reversely performing the interleaving operation according to the type B scheme.

The part 2 block deinterleaver 3230 deinterleaves the LLR values deinterleaved by the part 2.

In this case, the part 2 block deinterleaver 3230 may deinterleave the LLR values corresponding to the part 2 according to the scheme of the same type as the type used in the part 1 block deinterleaver 3220.

That is, the part 2 block deinterleaver 3230 may deinterleave the LLR values corresponding to the part 2 according to the type A scheme when the part 1 block deinterleaver 3220 performs the deinterleaving according to the type A scheme.

Further, the part 2 block deinterleaver 3230 may deinterleave the LLR values corresponding to the part 2 according to the type B scheme when the part 1 block deinterleaver 3220 performs the deinterleaving according to the type B scheme.

The concatenator 3240 again concatenates the values divided by the part divider 3210 to output the values having the length before being divided.

Specifically, the concatenator 3240 may add the LLR values output from the part 2 block deinterleaver 3230 after the LLR values output from the part 1 block deinterleaver 3220.

In this case, the group deinterleaver 2722 may refer to the interleaving scheme defined in the following Tables 21 to 30 in addition to the above Tables 9 to 18 to perform the deinterleaving.

Here, the following Table 21 shows that the LDPC information bits are encoded according to the code rate of 2/15, 3/15, 4/15, 5/15, 6/15, 7/15, 8/15, 9/15, 10/15, 11/15, 12/15, and 13/15 to generate the LDPC codeword having a length of 64800 and when the bits are modulated by the QPSK, shows the group interleaving pattern used to define the π(j).

TABLE 21 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 180) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 2/15 70 20 149 65 136 97 153 66 104 80 110 11 134 59 147 177 28 168 50 78 160 71 102 120 55 60 139 155 123 169 91 165 173 99 57 159 106 148 143 179 151 0 74 31 117 7 48 23 75 51 135 5 41 121 137 83 49 72 130 36 128 3 79 163 162 15 32 46 172 21 140 96 127 39 158 68 94 105 67 85 122 109 1 13 54 81 111 118 14 43 156 29 8 124 16 22 73 62 166 63 82 88 95 25 10 52 144 170 141 24 132 69 3/15 75 42 170 105 132 12 174 158 7 81 111 20 30 66 90 92 175 106 35 27 60 126 79 116 87 178 135 41 153 89 103 73 51 113 58 52 107 109 167 134 39 36 31 65 15 8 71 40 18 76 95 140 124 44 85 68 152 72 102 13 38 122 28 21 86 63 162 137 171 120 34 150 46 26 22 59 29 3 104 148 45 173 56 141 172 99 115 64 118 138 127 101 6 23 16 11 0 17 165 110 5 2 142 169 179 47 37 83 70 164 131 155 4/15 141 70 86 173 22 174 20 129 176 55 21 98 37 88 111 62 132 44 71 24 140 117 136 8 10 145 115 36 163 81 9 59 160 53 73 15 100 52 16 72 153 164 101 4 14 168 38 54 35 177 66 158 64 113 7 57 18 68 103 121 1 28 41 65 104 106 144 78 39 47 27 159 74 61 48 45 133 156 43 0 116 83 137 157 109 107 75 162 67 32 142 99 96 85 51 175 139 80 11 23 26 34 76 60 95 93 87 165 155 128 58 90 5/15 39 141 47 175 96 56 176 74 33 95 75 29 165 45 150 17 7 46 162 10 153 91 137 133 108 69 159 171 146 57 101 37 36 70 0 134 138 40 25 21 77 149 110 93 142 130 152 2 15 104 154 102 145 128 12 4 35 123 127 72 156 177 55 131 82 116 85 44 66 158 119 5 174 31 34 100 83 106 53 48 24 52 42 67 50 41 9 148 143 109 28 87 160 144 71 135 79 20 6 3 19 166 30 105 163 103 61 118 179 63 136 51 6/15 0 4 14 5 19 10 21 12 2 20 11 6 22 18 29 26 28 24 23 27 25 80 67 100 116 121 66 107 49 76 75 65 93 130 127 56 95 128 119 77 73 39 88 129 74 52 35 111 110 124 131 48 98 122 60 82 103 34 102 118 81 38 113 72 101 108 97 58 33 43 86 126 79 85 96 123 32 40 114 83 64 53 55 69 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 7/15 152 91 172 24 113 78 167 5 100 69 163 175 159 8 43 99 93 89 160 179 108 123 164 149 12 177 140 1 57 82 166 80 81 173 133 105 112 9 33 66 151 65 74 124 4 143 36 28 94 59 67 130 158 31 10 157 155 86 111 118 153 73 55 79 54 121 176 148 17 95 115 147 135 7 25 174 168 6 11 90 136 15 18 56 122 97 110 22 154 165 76 40 64 19 75 60 84 46 101 150 39 87 116 27 127 42 30 3 98 23 50 96 8/15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 9/15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 10/15  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 11/15  0 4 14 5 19 10 21 12 2 20 11 6 22 18 29 26 28 24 23 27 25 80 67 100 116 121 66 107 49 76 75 65 93 130 127 56 95 128 119 77 73 39 88 129 74 52 35 111 110 124 131 48 98 122 60 82 103 34 102 118 81 38 113 72 101 108 97 58 33 43 86 126 79 85 96 123 32 40 114 83 64 53 55 69 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 12/15  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 13/15  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 180) 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 175 176 177 178 179 2/15 61 19 129 115 126 154 58 26 150 125 175 116 9 138 161 167 103 53 89 146 86 90 35 6 77 100 133 76 64 92 176 164 119 113 98 152 87 44 131 108 45 34 114 56 93 27 33 171 145 30 18 157 12 112 2 37 84 40 47 4 42 107 101 174 142 38 178 17 3/15 4 57 49 121 133 25 50 1 160 10 166 139 88 156 84 177 80 77 108 176 24 54 145 69 96 146 74 14 125 78 119 129 82 161 53 19 61 144 93 91 147 157 117 48 32 151 130 62 154 43 97 94 33 163 143 136 9 128 100 114 67 112 98 55 123 168 159 149 4/15 82 97 6 146 122 123 130 84 40 63 79 46 172 42 149 50 127 138 124 150 110 29 49 17 154 91 152 125 2 151 102 56 161 126 147 171 105 143 131 12 77 169 69 120 108 94 119 3 112 25 118 134 92 13 31 170 166 5 179 135 89 178 167 30 19 148 33 114 5/15 38 129 27 120 58 168 90 92 76 157 32 173 117 23 78 89 13 132 122 80 49 1 14 121 125 59 140 170 111 54 151 155 84 99 167 22 114 73 8 11 147 65 115 164 113 60 107 26 18 161 126 68 112 178 43 62 98 81 86 169 94 124 64 97 139 16 172 88 6/15 9 13 8 17 7 15 16 1 3 104 31 44 36 50 42 47 46 84 61 94 63 87 117 120 89 62 99 37 106 45 91 78 92 125 71 41 115 109 59 57 112 105 90 68 51 30 70 54 132 133 134 135 136 137 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 175 176 177 178 179 7/15 144 29 114 106 47 137 161 131 125 71 132 63 37 141 26 109 16 129 117 92 83 32 52 41 178 72 85 88 170 142 44 45 61 126 102 2 68 70 169 51 20 53 104 21 38 138 120 134 13 119 34 146 48 0 162 14 77 49 103 139 156 58 128 107 171 35 145 62 8/15 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 175 176 177 178 179 9/15 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 175 176 177 178 179 10/15  14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 175 176 177 178 179 11/15  9 13 8 17 7 15 16 1 3 104 31 44 36 50 42 47 46 84 61 94 63 87 117 120 89 62 99 37 106 45 91 78 92 125 71 41 115 109 59 57 112 105 90 68 51 30 70 54 132 133 134 135 136 137 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 175 176 177 178 179 12/15  14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 175 176 177 178 179 13/15  14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 175 176 177 178 179

Further, the following Table 22 shows that the LDPC information bits are encoded according to the code rate of 2/15, 3/15, 4/15, 5/15, 6/15, 7/15, 8/15, 9/15, 10/15, 11/15, 12/15, and 13/15 to generate the LDPC codeword having a length of 64800 and when being modulated by the 16-QAM, shows the group interleaving pattern used to define the π(j).

TABLE 22 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 180) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 2/15 5 142 91 9 58 19 68 122 29 147 56 54 154 111 131 0 79 107 127 169 10 85 164 80 132 20 102 59 66 30 77 90 83 37 167 15 12 139 32 133 179 95 84 78 53 124 28 157 89 143 160 72 106 114 117 130 138 7 45 153 64 81 11 96 136 44 152 151 149 63 6 101 158 2 123 119 148 137 134 35 82 140 31 33 50 65 108 86 55 105 104 71 94 48 3 22 144 25 40 98 67 159 126 174 88 129 170 178 46 62 177 17 3/15 52 98 90 46 92 9 128 150 175 93 83 109 26 166 14 117 167 178 179 74 168 99 85 119 40 123 165 147 159 64 144 156 151 173 87 177 145 10 3 171 61 102 0 31 66 143 127 41 84 125 36 94 24 15 8 35 174 75 82 107 79 13 80 54 16 105 4 12 176 55 118 69 172 95 136 11 2 62 18 111 58 56 101 121 163 103 88 77 148 106 50 158 23 38 76 17 161 70 42 67 137 86 63 139 97 113 134 72 34 164 154 43 4/15 165 163 101 69 8 72 88 128 136 125 65 121 2 36 100 127 48 43 161 64 1 15 143 38 149 18 119 164 24 20 78 130 142 40 17 140 25 70 47 89 120 79 171 0 13 124 139 174 177 147 112 93 131 148 113 167 98 7 86 31 157 85 129 63 57 11 175 5 156 28 42 12 62 106 160 172 44 82 115 29 135 179 71 9 95 137 97 117 145 146 83 53 37 32 151 111 23 169 81 49 84 39 68 103 74 50 114 108 60 104 173 56 5/15 129 32 177 134 122 31 133 167 124 123 179 176 125 170 173 175 131 121 120 39 33 174 130 35 36 165 132 40 50 57 104 46 92 99 101 71 69 96 52 59 63 61 90 58 70 55 97 47 74 54 98 94 56 67 53 91 157 24 17 163 18 110 107 108 113 117 15 112 106 152 114 115 158 159 116 21 109 155 23 154 119 20 27 105 7 77 148 0 135 5 141 83 81 137 88 3 87 4 146 8 138 79 6 76 144 78 89 143 136 13 85 84 6/15 55 15 112 122 146 14 93 173 83 37 127 161 52 54 175 160 43 105 166 68 18 31 131 53 47 19 119 56 10 148 79 29 145 157 113 30 162 114 163 26 102 147 41 95 121 133 45 73 164 108 36 152 104 66 0 129 144 28 72 118 57 27 128 99 67 38 78 88 116 48 165 156 49 178 84 172 51 154 168 65 60 85 124 149 12 130 138 3 9 167 136 20 151 153 141 13 77 137 24 80 100 90 40 106 5 140 17 134 76 64 42 98 7/15 174 58 66 173 148 75 28 18 56 67 82 11 168 5 76 110 140 23 53 9 172 115 61 42 8 130 147 153 102 32 46 159 24 59 21 86 129 166 121 87 150 179 89 171 103 13 47 54 100 83 128 107 139 74 43 2 27 101 69 133 119 163 10 96 118 116 117 49 144 94 84 109 158 105 156 73 145 155 30 141 37 62 138 93 127 12 77 1 14 0 108 113 165 20 57 64 26 63 92 48 65 79 35 137 55 169 167 4 25 143 44 22 8/15 71 143 155 57 97 91 137 135 74 0 148 70 149 127 144 146 59 39 58 141 139 87 69 145 60 46 49 147 77 41 28 13 88 27 82 36 86 25 43 24 34 75 42 76 85 44 35 80 90 32 23 38 21 78 89 31 40 179 18 79 122 125 9 63 167 102 169 165 134 178 4 12 132 176 6 173 8 177 171 5 2 166 14 16 114 151 92 107 103 93 158 116 106 113 100 156 150 73 72 47 104 95 163 154 111 62 153 109 152 131 117 159 9/15 23 19 68 114 107 55 110 111 71 29 72 156 65 16 24 15 21 113 64 54 171 62 59 108 112 67 26 109 41 87 92 97 174 128 78 52 30 85 154 76 130 98 39 37 77 81 35 100 33 103 88 104 32 96 47 79 9 121 166 126 172 82 5 132 17 131 125 129 0 173 11 122 6 13 117 175 127 179 170 105 169 177 106 134 69 162 149 28 120 141 148 160 164 50 143 42 49 147 158 60 57 46 137 70 40 140 159 135 56 150 152 139 10/15  68 66 159 170 71 38 18 22 54 77 50 49 19 115 160 102 113 51 178 32 100 131 133 105 75 106 142 29 140 173 53 92 117 123 82 36 132 13 107 98 147 15 6 161 139 85 44 10 151 48 20 39 163 83 86 126 57 95 37 145 28 104 174 129 76 8 41 162 31 34 137 65 111 12 149 119 35 52 167 114 30 99 1 109 78 124 81 40 155 148 43 97 128 164 103 101 165 130 63 150 122 89 74 157 23 112 62 171 166 61 118 143 11/15  21 20 2 19 11 18 17 5 12 10 1 3 9 13 28 24 26 29 23 25 27 82 109 85 54 32 51 103 121 33 71 87 92 84 101 113 130 88 41 115 127 64 49 38 57 100 77 46 97 40 95 43 98 106 86 110 80 81 70 37 128 56 91 72 68 125 69 39 129 53 60 36 50 34 67 126 123 79 47 117 65 35 112 114 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 12/15  120 3 111 40 32 67 33 26 38 92 173 130 113 98 117 65 28 169 115 109 121 174 84 36 87 159 57 106 155 47 29 72 145 24 86 2 178 0 136 142 126 7 50 156 19 79 8 179 127 81 90 157 17 105 139 46 125 63 37 4 107 85 153 73 44 104 163 35 99 124 55 78 118 103 23 51 34 160 25 95 5 147 11 88 144 58 54 80 150 128 122 110 132 43 140 12 176 135 53 162 141 129 116 170 6 82 123 138 22 164 96 151 13/15  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 180) 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 175 176 177 178 179 2/15 110 38 125 70 21 156 34 74 93 1 128 116 13 161 109 176 42 155 87 47 141 43 24 112 97 135 92 171 120 150 99 76 166 49 165 175 168 115 57 118 14 52 18 4 16 69 121 103 113 36 173 163 75 162 27 26 73 8 39 61 51 60 172 41 146 23 100 145 3/15 60 115 45 78 146 32 81 73 124 131 108 112 120 27 133 25 135 89 51 116 53 114 20 152 68 71 170 141 39 153 21 29 5 59 49 104 155 91 44 122 7 1 19 132 57 126 65 149 37 162 140 130 160 30 129 96 169 48 138 100 47 28 157 22 142 6 110 33 4/15 99 96 58 14 126 133 30 55 141 33 90 102 123 110 35 59 45 6 105 77 19 80 159 22 154 51 134 132 109 152 150 176 67 16 107 155 87 162 170 153 21 76 46 73 66 116 118 158 3 4 41 54 144 61 26 178 168 122 52 94 166 138 10 34 92 75 91 27 5/15 34 42 171 178 128 41 168 38 44 172 127 30 37 166 169 126 43 65 100 72 64 49 102 93 45 66 51 73 103 48 60 95 68 62 160 162 161 150 26 28 156 151 25 29 164 19 153 111 118 22 16 140 86 9 10 75 2 12 142 139 147 80 145 11 14 1 149 82 6/15 101 150 62 44 94 110 176 63 115 7 177 103 81 25 74 139 97 34 61 39 120 87 58 16 126 158 69 89 71 23 174 179 86 32 125 123 171 11 59 33 8 92 70 22 142 46 107 169 155 21 75 2 82 4 111 50 117 143 96 35 109 91 170 132 159 6 1 135 7/15 178 111 38 104 176 106 7 125 152 39 98 97 160 17 123 175 15 29 88 41 34 135 114 99 136 177 85 50 81 161 3 146 70 154 60 134 91 126 31 120 157 151 80 71 33 112 162 164 45 68 40 132 16 95 36 72 52 170 78 90 19 142 124 51 6 149 122 131 8/15 136 96 140 68 53 11 161 55 67 138 50 66 142 51 52 45 56 81 84 20 130 22 33 29 26 15 1 37 19 105 83 17 133 30 170 128 126 121 129 124 123 168 7 61 172 10 3 174 64 175 120 101 112 54 48 99 157 160 98 94 65 115 162 164 108 119 110 118 9/15 133 63 74 61 27 115 73 118 66 116 25 22 20 7 58 53 18 89 83 43 36 86 99 101 90 93 44 94 84 34 91 95 75 31 10 1 8 167 102 38 4 124 123 168 178 176 165 12 2 14 3 142 146 51 119 48 163 153 151 157 80 45 136 138 145 144 155 161 10/15  33 11 25 56 7 27 21 87 175 72 134 121 16 60 88 168 79 47 91 4 153 154 67 59 116 127 94 172 58 3 136 138 42 73 90 176 158 152 26 0 5 177 96 84 120 64 146 14 9 55 144 169 125 80 93 2 141 17 70 69 179 156 46 135 45 110 108 24 11/15  4 14 0 16 7 22 6 8 15 111 102 108 118 52 76 131 122 44 93 58 62 63 55 116 107 59 73 48 119 30 75 31 45 78 104 99 96 74 61 89 120 66 124 94 42 83 105 90 132 133 134 135 136 137 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 175 176 177 178 179 12/15  165 119 71 42 175 114 31 77 166 18 148 62 134 21 158 13 66 93 108 112 100 10 83 9 154 69 70 16 48 14 149 27 30 97 171 91 152 102 75 52 146 15 64 20 177 94 76 56 49 41 172 45 60 68 137 133 168 1 89 131 167 143 74 101 59 61 161 39 13/15  14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 175 176 177 178 179

Further, the following Table 23 shows that the LDPC information bits are encoded according to the code rate of 2/15, 3/15, 4/15, 5/15, 6/15, 7/15, 8/15, 9/15, 10/15, 11/15, 12/15, and 13/15 to generate the LDPC codeword having a length of 64800 and when being modulated by the 64-QAM, shows the group interleaving pattern used to define the π(j).

TABLE 23 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 180) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 2/15 57 125 13 58 105 92 149 129 35 143 133 15 83 1 134 29 68 60 31 17 99 20 148 139 41 21 96 30 54 38 5 0 55 94 74 9 100 80 109 27 65 26 70 122 47 130 78 153 56 169 103 167 101 165 93 64 152 124 119 168 137 75 77 151 42 102 158 172 98 106 154 11 163 8 72 138 12 81 179 116 25 128 146 62 88 135 141 144 69 36 162 48 171 178 53 90 32 170 2 3 147 76 71 104 33 97 95 150 114 16 39 166 3/15 74 8 87 28 86 46 72 1 111 97 99 127 104 93 175 122 163 85 168 15 135 35 108 166 107 48 79 130 167 82 95 24 154 143 174 2 150 89 20 121 51 129 157 81 14 133 178 26 65 120 40 109 113 126 43 158 103 56 34 106 18 144 11 171 49 17 148 156 33 90 164 155 119 134 71 57 12 116 94 147 136 132 63 169 100 22 70 138 50 64 115 25 161 149 146 29 101 137 118 21 41 162 53 78 66 141 44 77 61 91 37 30 4/15 141 29 14 22 116 143 80 9 73 138 48 113 47 60 74 44 50 126 87 125 102 7 23 97 54 142 30 46 110 178 175 121 154 140 37 68 173 71 153 152 98 108 91 129 105 155 144 5 111 168 158 52 39 96 25 172 134 77 40 109 174 114 101 78 166 67 33 131 61 69 76 0 177 56 119 35 118 28 41 100 124 162 66 42 95 58 145 107 169 55 92 122 156 45 135 65 4 150 88 49 149 6 160 84 112 137 93 161 51 163 27 104 5/15 166 5 40 50 105 78 54 63 9 79 133 93 6 118 116 141 85 123 164 153 19 134 77 82 168 31 155 58 140 73 55 84 119 60 150 104 91 159 175 32 39 167 138 66 113 172 98 38 75 3 162 80 177 128 69 115 52 36 99 43 12 59 142 97 171 86 108 149 7 117 8 145 109 45 71 144 154 2 173 22 137 147 129 68 165 15 126 87 158 103 17 143 121 176 163 131 127 4 148 88 101 65 67 146 10 35 53 83 13 90 23 72 6/15 29 59 36 163 108 100 17 61 25 119 126 161 38 66 78 27 64 32 152 111 101 43 65 72 134 91 115 31 125 147 16 170 107 164 162 116 46 68 113 99 157 136 104 109 87 23 70 2 83 140 33 1 41 129 106 123 20 135 150 175 14 160 73 153 80 120 18 7 166 0 55 77 144 146 10 22 62 142 98 96 114 40 53 174 24 58 149 97 8 177 56 3 28 143 89 178 49 167 168 42 57 169 127 141 95 69 151 30 84 103 117 47 7/15 103 16 73 96 17 101 29 90 15 23 27 102 22 92 28 100 95 91 93 97 19 36 178 84 77 37 78 41 43 38 33 75 80 88 32 42 40 83 39 76 81 85 154 156 149 163 157 140 136 115 147 151 144 160 137 158 177 167 169 70 63 98 67 69 170 176 60 74 66 64 173 165 166 65 68 52 49 110 109 54 153 47 59 50 116 51 106 105 56 53 55 119 112 108 111 58 130 129 13 11 132 123 14 12 131 10 120 1 5 125 7 3 8/15 86 53 151 145 2 63 71 58 117 28 129 147 51 47 100 89 70 123 16 99 171 94 4 30 98 109 158 46 168 15 67 54 144 133 176 178 49 84 9 161 11 148 25 122 104 55 8 139 107 110 124 61 64 142 153 113 34 156 132 130 52 77 20 23 165 118 92 95 157 125 59 138 56 39 126 76 83 143 166 7 120 72 73 29 42 87 163 170 172 136 91 3 150 119 154 112 62 75 135 90 88 31 41 173 116 40 79 12 74 131 174 78 9/15 175 70 50 109 23 27 20 21 49 18 63 17 25 46 35 51 28 59 55 57 22 60 97 104 61 90 100 103 73 66 94 98 62 96 69 101 95 102 19 65 67 99 106 125 31 134 33 36 122 45 29 43 114 128 41 127 75 107 160 14 126 79 84 91 37 130 115 116 78 118 112 119 6 89 88 5 42 176 0 48 7 157 105 81 139 152 155 150 13 3 163 151 153 159 147 161 4 136 8 171 179 177 121 110 148 10 174 178 143 141 154 137 10/15  16 65 19 22 20 27 67 64 73 23 68 29 69 25 62 71 18 17 28 15 21 163 118 153 156 115 155 161 107 30 114 119 112 157 152 108 113 105 164 160 106 116 88 102 104 77 80 84 41 125 91 82 93 101 97 85 128 124 122 134 127 133 58 50 54 59 131 47 57 51 130 52 121 129 53 111 5 32 4 9 38 43 34 103 1 36 44 33 40 31 6 2 7 14 12 0 141 148 139 142 143 176 173 177 140 79 174 145 167 135 147 144 11/15  12 0 10 4 3 21 15 14 22 19 20 18 2 9 26 27 23 28 24 25 29 50 66 104 44 87 39 35 120 121 38 96 115 118 47 105 70 117 46 130 80 77 71 62 114 112 100 107 83 88 93 54 63 75 34 45 110 124 131 109 72 81 31 48 61 67 116 99 43 106 55 78 40 92 64 49 103 125 102 51 76 85 95 58 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 12/15  83 97 43 88 178 154 93 53 126 39 145 166 94 142 150 55 136 28 106 144 16 40 9 109 117 130 167 38 171 163 110 100 41 42 175 49 124 21 82 58 125 6 118 162 147 102 62 52 51 159 146 76 19 105 84 20 27 80 115 158 92 101 135 104 169 179 59 79 96 132 68 140 30 161 160 138 73 64 26 151 177 72 23 66 37 81 34 31 152 156 10 98 120 141 157 7 95 112 17 131 128 45 114 148 3 44 103 69 70 153 2 57 13/15  146 58 134 139 133 53 121 124 113 120 142 52 131 123 127 122 126 125 9 50 129 91 137 148 130 153 93 135 101 97 96 42 94 90 68 100 145 141 36 98 99 15 102 21 62 18 26 67 140 69 154 16 28 65 117 73 38 92 86 5 149 30 89 81 78 40 1 84 76 87 39 7 45 35 82 46 70 163 160 152 158 168 151 159 166 171 165 177 150 167 173 178 156 161 164 108 12 33 6 34 85 10 115 75 2 109 119 3 11 111 13 116 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 180) 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 175 176 177 178 179 2/15 127 37 84 159 142 6 61 63 86 40 44 140 28 117 52 87 59 118 156 49 157 10 110 164 22 24 177 113 121 43 66 176 111 136 126 112 85 14 132 23 131 46 73 45 82 4 79 50 89 19 175 18 120 34 51 161 115 160 107 123 155 145 67 91 174 7 173 108 3/15 145 124 75 27 62 92 23 6 36 52 83 60 177 125 0 159 55 76 139 117 84 42 176 153 151 88 58 32 31 98 170 173 123 114 59 179 128 110 9 54 172 131 10 140 105 5 96 112 102 39 142 68 160 45 47 73 16 69 7 13 3 67 38 80 19 4 152 165 4/15 165 127 157 94 89 167 82 151 17 43 59 20 83 38 11 176 133 139 99 132 72 13 179 136 2 103 36 117 86 12 120 123 1 34 128 90 159 62 170 106 115 3 147 32 31 81 63 171 64 24 18 19 26 8 85 148 15 130 16 57 146 70 75 53 10 21 79 164 5/15 111 37 64 178 27 1 130 74 76 61 81 160 136 110 46 62 114 122 56 92 157 24 96 44 100 102 41 89 18 132 161 0 20 47 152 139 49 48 170 11 26 14 25 107 29 120 30 51 106 33 28 112 156 174 70 124 135 179 57 95 16 151 21 42 125 94 169 34 6/15 74 82 131 172 37 52 39 176 93 67 85 139 4 179 35 54 86 148 44 132 48 173 158 122 9 51 88 130 34 21 137 112 154 124 45 5 11 90 156 13 75 128 12 102 19 171 81 159 50 63 15 94 165 76 145 110 138 121 26 71 92 118 105 60 133 79 6 155 7/15 24 104 99 26 94 25 20 21 18 31 79 34 35 82 30 44 87 89 155 141 142 139 146 135 143 152 164 161 145 162 150 138 148 159 175 86 71 62 172 179 174 61 72 168 171 45 113 46 114 48 118 107 117 57 8 2 134 6 124 133 128 9 127 126 122 121 4 0 8/15 32 27 169 155 48 85 22 26 101 69 33 102 127 160 81 43 162 103 80 93 121 21 0 152 37 38 108 177 36 6 24 45 146 97 57 18 19 137 60 66 159 141 13 111 82 5 164 105 44 17 140 1 106 115 175 68 149 96 50 65 114 134 10 14 35 179 167 128 9/15 52 24 16 30 111 56 47 26 58 64 93 15 71 113 74 68 92 72 133 131 32 39 54 129 38 44 1 149 132 123 156 34 40 124 11 80 53 76 83 117 85 82 86 108 135 12 120 140 9 2 164 162 77 158 87 172 173 142 144 146 145 169 138 167 168 170 165 166 10/15  72 61 63 24 74 66 26 60 70 162 154 117 39 150 110 158 151 46 92 78 75 99 87 94 90 98 100 95 89 83 81 136 86 96 56 55 48 76 120 159 123 45 126 49 132 13 37 3 42 35 8 10 11 109 178 168 166 137 171 138 169 175 149 172 179 146 170 165 11/15  13 6 7 1 16 5 11 8 17 68 37 101 41 73 74 52 57 94 108 84 65 69 59 42 32 128 129 82 30 60 119 86 56 111 122 127 126 79 36 53 97 89 113 123 90 91 98 33 132 133 134 135 136 137 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 175 176 177 178 179 12/15  54 29 173 13 47 0 90 133 36 143 46 127 176 174 77 86 91 32 87 15 113 71 99 168 61 75 134 1 33 65 78 85 164 149 35 129 172 12 74 22 56 111 165 5 11 48 119 60 67 18 89 50 122 24 108 116 4 155 139 8 63 123 137 25 121 107 170 14 13/15  56 51 4 49 132 54 55 47 59 143 43 136 104 95 48 77 147 103 63 25 66 72 128 61 44 27 138 110 71 29 19 74 24 60 144 79 80 83 37 32 20 88 41 31 22 170 155 174 179 157 162 175 169 14 118 23 106 172 0 114 17 176 8 57 107 112 64 105

Further, the following Table 24 shows that the LDPC information bits are encoded according to the code rate of 2/15, 3/15, 4/15, 5/15, 6/15, 7/15, 8/15, 9/15, 10/15, 11/15, 12/15, and 13/15 to generate the LDPC codeword having a length of 64800 and when being modulated by the 256-QAM, shows the group interleaving pattern used to define the π(j).

TABLE 24 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 180) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 2/15 112 151 118 121 43 157 64 142 78 8 94 163 105 139 178 6 176 35 135 65 32 158 153 59 117 55 123 13 93 45 49 122 88 140 108 131 124 89 120 148 54 156 155 171 28 27 73 15 33 70 14 141 126 113 7 19 173 149 85 167 109 51 101 146 159 63 177 76 44 50 150 128 134 26 130 164 66 138 147 172 53 160 110 91 162 18 1 17 34 16 39 29 175 60 37 57 82 165 22 62 81 102 30 48 84 127 154 161 168 103 98 10 3/15 136 24 0 116 102 95 50 6 28 66 5 20 31 177 15 38 126 174 98 74 43 156 171 40 10 13 176 46 4 57 133 70 76 68 80 91 79 49 117 157 88 168 107 138 161 58 175 108 21 128 172 122 63 154 67 27 111 36 160 139 14 32 12 131 134 164 81 166 179 42 163 60 153 100 19 101 140 145 84 118 110 130 51 26 125 123 170 146 121 167 37 92 112 65 135 82 132 106 119 120 93 115 45 22 144 165 56 137 99 143 33 113 4/15 13 45 46 63 131 94 12 74 121 21 0 14 2 83 128 29 52 78 17 148 175 158 24 27 90 166 150 144 98 40 70 100 61 42 115 143 62 88 116 123 97 39 130 48 154 132 112 103 153 172 84 163 6 109 155 4 119 18 110 129 55 151 64 50 3 138 91 77 58 59 176 133 72 80 165 67 179 134 34 99 47 105 20 136 86 26 164 160 174 140 145 56 60 106 9 82 111 15 65 126 43 68 168 113 104 107 170 53 85 149 30 108 5/15 39 43 55 37 41 60 62 33 34 36 58 63 38 42 50 51 124 121 49 48 54 117 44 47 118 116 115 123 133 99 96 134 129 132 92 101 91 100 131 98 94 97 83 89 104 105 112 82 81 102 85 107 108 110 106 88 30 139 146 145 136 141 32 26 138 24 28 144 31 29 166 160 150 165 156 158 167 162 152 147 164 153 155 168 16 9 4 3 13 1 8 17 19 5 10 15 11 21 77 67 175 178 173 72 171 169 70 73 170 68 78 79 6/15 99 61 65 35 23 26 58 155 2 51 41 113 25 7 0 98 93 16 59 55 167 96 21 30 39 33 27 102 151 43 91 49 40 11 77 17 37 48 50 34 67 119 90 5 56 103 52 86 45 64 140 84 92 63 87 148 169 156 159 116 122 126 164 14 28 115 101 42 89 130 136 83 142 6 12 78 60 105 147 18 170 81 104 146 127 133 131 3 8 82 123 74 66 143 158 161 124 138 1 29 168 118 134 145 10 129 121 171 75 157 125 163 7/15 24 32 23 79 84 29 85 28 26 80 82 25 77 87 18 11 154 148 156 12 147 15 19 13 151 21 155 20 4 3 113 7 117 2 112 6 121 9 119 5 111 115 95 40 89 36 90 35 92 41 39 38 91 88 33 97 164 132 122 131 128 129 127 159 167 166 165 161 123 130 179 66 70 176 174 71 69 178 169 177 72 68 170 76 107 144 106 99 139 142 101 146 108 102 100 133 134 136 55 59 62 63 52 56 50 47 57 48 44 46 54 45 8/15 85 78 82 46 66 84 53 47 54 80 88 70 83 45 160 1 10 89 157 2 4 163 164 8 9 165 159 162 59 56 137 32 60 26 31 65 22 51 30 27 132 25 67 130 73 93 75 24 128 131 69 126 74 124 68 35 104 90 91 109 106 12 158 102 100 97 94 177 34 101 38 71 41 42 142 33 140 138 122 133 64 40 150 136 114 50 170 167 178 173 171 120 172 174 179 110 112 118 153 62 155 145 147 103 16 149 15 20 18 144 17 152 9/15 58 96 22 97 169 164 127 168 70 104 95 140 159 123 134 32 89 15 92 126 54 77 163 26 27 91 56 28 79 121 55 119 93 34 14 105 137 141 48 21 132 60 116 3 111 41 49 87 24 166 150 173 10 53 46 47 153 76 72 80 38 13 67 64 115 18 158 75 51 36 71 120 170 1 157 65 98 11 90 122 175 6 174 44 43 103 139 146 8 145 7 42 40 88 151 78 161 114 33 85 84 16 73 143 154 68 62 50 19 172 131 133 10/15  45 44 14 12 13 52 11 46 53 48 18 16 49 21 23 97 32 30 24 151 92 88 93 95 98 25 89 29 142 140 144 39 71 38 76 135 69 141 40 75 106 134 42 57 64 109 132 60 161 63 61 65 43 34 62 36 113 80 162 81 103 77 83 86 87 82 160 119 68 165 112 79 120 139 110 111 116 108 146 155 145 150 115 154 171 100 99 107 170 172 101 105 175 72 8 114 102 164 1 125 121 7 130 5 128 124 10 9 0 123 131 122 11/15  27 60 65 22 23 24 31 61 62 28 32 58 63 26 73 66 20 16 71 72 19 74 15 75 18 11 17 21 52 39 45 40 33 49 43 34 44 42 48 36 50 46 106 113 107 101 111 116 105 118 100 108 102 120 114 103 154 136 134 135 133 146 132 141 151 137 153 152 145 144 94 80 92 89 84 96 87 79 95 97 91 82 85 78 175 130 129 174 169 131 177 122 121 178 125 123 179 172 6 8 4 159 157 168 1 0 3 166 162 5 164 160 12/15  51 6 75 108 93 47 168 15 122 14 42 113 136 69 11 111 21 107 97 62 31 165 176 95 71 30 38 54 162 156 119 2 137 86 81 59 164 144 130 0 114 33 79 157 172 57 106 87 32 76 52 160 178 65 7 53 84 60 171 22 61 23 101 67 96 92 167 179 126 35 80 154 110 151 163 143 17 99 127 98 27 153 174 70 117 34 142 43 155 19 39 112 64 89 46 77 170 10 66 135 49 131 63 166 12 116 5 138 55 72 41 149 13/15  59 58 57 62 55 61 148 63 145 64 144 146 147 60 16 82 21 79 11 19 77 14 86 84 17 78 83 87 30 102 24 104 23 25 26 105 22 27 103 107 99 101 131 130 122 111 117 127 118 113 114 115 121 124 112 125 73 45 76 75 46 50 54 51 66 48 71 70 53 72 140 135 94 138 137 98 139 97 93 136 96 90 88 89 169 155 158 175 172 156 168 174 154 170 173 165 164 162 5 38 7 9 37 34 33 0 1 6 8 40 36 41 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 180) 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 175 176 177 178 179 2/15 40 125 104 47 24 115 36 179 87 144 77 72 80 68 38 25 5 92 145 75 46 52 114 79 2 58 23 119 20 9 133 143 3 166 67 111 74 129 100 11 132 86 69 116 169 152 41 97 170 99 42 174 137 61 31 107 136 4 83 90 96 56 21 95 0 106 12 71 3/15 41 152 85 109 90 178 64 73 52 11 34 17 89 155 47 29 94 114 129 78 141 151 3 105 86 124 142 35 148 25 53 55 77 158 18 150 8 159 173 149 16 97 96 147 61 30 75 23 2 44 71 72 169 7 83 59 69 103 1 127 9 48 162 87 104 62 54 39 4/15 173 157 137 127 124 122 147 16 156 73 125 118 1 22 8 76 54 38 146 159 178 177 35 69 120 23 101 95 114 169 117 162 51 92 19 66 79 141 96 102 37 36 11 5 28 44 93 161 167 32 31 89 25 87 7 139 135 10 142 81 49 33 75 152 71 171 57 41 5/15 64 61 59 66 57 56 40 35 45 46 53 119 120 52 122 114 128 130 127 126 125 95 93 135 84 87 90 111 80 103 86 109 143 137 140 23 142 27 25 22 148 151 149 159 161 154 163 157 2 7 6 0 18 14 20 12 75 71 177 176 172 179 174 69 65 74 76 113 6/15 68 24 38 32 141 70 44 20 100 4 57 22 9 106 13 46 15 36 95 69 47 31 85 97 107 71 19 53 79 132 88 94 54 62 112 154 162 166 135 139 76 137 109 73 175 128 144 172 153 108 152 150 120 110 173 72 174 114 117 165 149 80 111 160 176 177 178 179 7/15 81 27 86 31 78 83 22 30 157 149 16 14 150 152 17 153 0 114 110 8 118 1 116 10 43 42 96 93 94 37 34 98 126 162 163 168 158 160 125 124 172 67 75 73 173 171 175 74 135 104 109 103 143 138 105 137 65 61 58 60 49 53 64 51 120 141 140 145 8/15 52 86 0 44 119 48 156 87 3 77 125 7 5 81 166 6 148 61 63 55 29 57 23 58 161 36 72 28 76 49 129 127 96 21 43 108 107 92 79 98 99 141 135 134 143 95 37 123 154 121 168 111 113 117 175 39 13 115 139 105 11 146 19 14 116 169 176 151 9/15 82 171 23 106 101 45 147 99 167 136 110 138 63 0 25 30 130 81 162 128 152 160 35 4 69 107 144 52 108 155 148 149 20 100 59 94 124 5 135 142 117 165 61 57 17 102 31 66 112 83 12 129 29 9 2 39 37 86 156 109 74 125 113 118 176 177 178 179 10/15  17 15 58 54 47 50 51 19 31 28 91 26 27 94 90 96 67 73 74 137 22 66 70 156 35 148 37 56 20 33 138 55 159 163 143 167 168 85 84 78 157 118 149 166 147 59 117 158 177 176 179 41 173 104 178 169 2 4 3 126 6 174 127 129 133 152 136 153 11/15  25 55 30 57 56 64 29 59 68 14 13 76 12 70 69 67 35 47 37 51 53 54 38 41 117 115 112 99 119 110 109 104 138 155 150 147 139 148 143 149 83 81 77 90 86 93 88 98 127 170 171 126 173 128 124 176 10 9 161 165 158 163 7 2 167 156 140 142 12/15  147 159 91 3 129 58 68 125 161 83 175 152 100 134 45 124 40 36 103 90 158 148 78 140 37 74 121 29 44 133 150 24 26 118 85 128 141 104 123 139 145 4 105 20 120 50 88 56 82 73 9 173 132 48 102 13 28 94 169 109 146 177 115 16 1 8 18 25 13/15  65 150 149 153 143 151 152 56 85 20 80 13 12 81 15 18 108 106 28 29 31 109 100 32 128 126 123 116 119 110 129 120 49 74 68 52 47 44 67 69 91 141 95 142 92 134 133 132 163 167 160 157 179 159 166 161 3 35 42 10 2 43 39 4 177 176 178 171

Further, the following Table 25 shows that the LDPC information bits are encoded according to the code rate of 2/15, 3/15, 4/15, 5/15, 6/15, 7/15, 8/15, 9/15, 10/15, 11/15, 12/15, and 13/15 to generate the LDPC codeword having a length of 64800 and when being modulated by the 1024-QAM, shows the group interleaving pattern used to define the π(j).

TABLE 25 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 180) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 2/15 157 159 7 63 127 102 41 171 93 65 25 174 145 117 86 92 68 178 78 13 130 160 26 67 121 76 82 113 140 106 88 168 138 10 50 28 94 119 75 123 96 33 131 35 152 72 150 3 31 109 17 133 22 29 57 79 74 177 101 105 125 175 144 56 15 83 40 43 137 103 151 116 9 97 95 66 169 42 27 73 124 34 165 23 14 85 49 6 163 128 91 8 176 12 98 139 126 172 62 55 118 47 90 156 77 134 51 147 173 143 114 1 3/15 113 4 122 51 108 104 98 154 140 1 153 31 7 89 101 125 172 118 91 94 142 8 68 25 160 109 112 84 78 135 9 171 115 126 162 87 174 133 0 152 81 48 177 69 24 26 55 164 75 123 88 11 66 151 100 124 32 37 16 86 34 60 139 79 18 21 17 169 121 63 22 96 149 129 76 42 143 56 83 80 54 175 147 20 117 97 179 166 39 107 163 155 30 116 128 36 130 65 53 131 33 157 178 28 3 119 146 6 41 132 114 90 4/15 114 117 94 26 63 179 96 61 58 77 133 137 21 151 69 98 127 128 85 90 122 73 22 126 174 40 13 56 64 14 43 28 139 51 27 159 9 129 153 71 72 135 100 5 110 34 170 155 141 12 163 112 83 177 6 113 142 164 147 89 41 118 60 131 66 16 166 80 67 121 50 99 18 103 157 24 130 106 3 48 10 25 36 87 158 70 49 169 84 101 119 104 92 78 35 44 45 2 20 175 125 54 86 134 97 176 107 81 140 0 111 138 5/15 128 149 62 46 129 134 87 53 57 86 177 58 133 131 55 141 7 13 78 73 105 0 70 80 74 45 171 162 151 65 148 56 14 152 164 147 8 9 50 52 88 132 51 16 90 77 119 174 47 101 123 84 170 121 166 163 54 97 139 136 98 138 155 95 23 135 60 93 143 140 116 175 125 108 146 109 68 115 36 22 3 44 124 40 83 127 178 42 28 173 176 104 156 153 96 159 20 161 160 107 41 92 145 32 31 85 120 35 30 157 34 27 6/15 66 59 22 15 106 97 74 88 132 134 21 14 31 37 148 76 143 166 93 174 95 55 42 38 9 131 81 7 5 94 168 164 24 56 19 45 138 96 119 140 79 154 120 12 43 18 152 130 78 144 6 118 110 70 64 4 41 49 167 86 90 157 147 114 47 67 25 27 117 98 16 156 85 160 72 145 68 136 60 113 162 100 141 163 115 171 0 39 36 48 92 111 83 146 89 176 57 52 69 126 28 124 172 159 73 102 116 71 1 177 34 121 7/15 117 121 123 125 124 122 87 83 82 119 118 84 86 89 54 59 62 56 36 41 40 38 58 37 43 39 42 46 104 100 53 106 107 50 47 52 179 76 175 75 173 74 78 171 79 24 22 18 21 23 19 111 108 26 113 114 160 154 157 153 64 71 155 67 70 158 159 66 156 68 91 92 98 96 93 143 90 95 135 141 139 133 151 147 130 127 144 126 145 148 11 33 10 9 30 15 13 34 12 6 8 0 169 7 170 2 168 166 5 162 4 163 8/15 77 39 3 175 102 62 119 0 171 104 48 13 72 91 68 112 28 168 167 106 135 51 75 54 85 122 26 118 120 107 150 100 69 18 145 15 29 24 114 117 169 12 170 6 89 78 74 105 21 159 177 162 156 71 49 80 63 66 101 98 179 164 111 5 84 36 87 37 174 35 95 161 11 133 154 50 47 86 4 137 22 130 148 178 134 140 61 42 1 16 131 103 172 129 146 116 55 76 70 17 46 59 113 124 176 132 7 73 56 14 44 34 9/15 42 65 66 57 48 46 60 40 69 71 44 62 54 51 50 58 61 41 43 49 56 39 67 55 63 53 68 135 107 129 90 104 99 101 130 127 126 131 128 91 132 103 93 137 106 3 10 8 5 111 122 115 113 7 12 16 9 110 124 4 118 112 109 13 2 123 11 117 114 15 157 152 154 76 160 72 79 86 144 158 148 87 147 73 153 80 88 145 84 156 172 31 162 18 177 175 28 23 171 32 176 164 27 19 34 21 30 179 24 168 170 167 10/15  100 88 81 82 97 55 74 46 163 14 79 85 76 169 38 23 51 47 77 107 37 50 25 95 105 70 18 60 162 32 78 16 27 113 45 90 121 4 112 64 131 117 30 165 12 40 21 132 179 154 65 123 83 122 29 118 106 89 71 127 130 67 24 19 66 134 48 159 62 6 156 86 104 54 41 133 167 102 103 36 115 170 145 56 168 58 137 57 157 34 176 175 151 139 135 15 143 144 177 101 174 147 17 146 136 161 148 152 1 9 138 13 11/15  33 12 125 85 93 28 119 81 101 84 89 67 82 104 23 16 47 121 46 128 9 11 48 64 17 76 14 90 27 110 25 129 54 52 13 26 107 58 62 70 35 148 19 18 60 99 158 109 32 74 34 40 63 111 86 56 75 41 45 61 57 105 65 169 43 78 163 55 79 97 108 147 134 102 154 88 49 69 51 91 66 151 59 146 36 145 38 168 179 120 124 123 118 113 173 171 172 3 142 8 2 153 1 4 140 139 135 7 167 141 5 137 12/15  91 88 112 102 26 27 120 103 17 15 19 136 60 83 64 98 29 126 164 167 5 106 121 73 86 37 62 143 149 54 179 163 40 133 92 39 44 139 74 166 3 172 175 67 2 48 125 25 109 178 123 160 151 32 21 47 110 119 34 59 18 0 161 176 31 38 80 6 114 127 142 42 10 156 153 78 69 138 35 128 96 165 63 177 24 158 79 81 85 71 84 99 134 162 170 168 141 82 58 130 45 28 13 140 66 159 8 95 46 57 94 97 13/15  49 56 3 62 103 136 150 148 18 159 2 38 75 64 74 101 88 146 113 164 161 47 32 65 70 143 94 130 27 124 140 17 35 23 71 149 89 8 108 135 160 163 21 39 54 67 4 128 96 112 109 162 165 59 1 69 83 84 137 92 29 28 155 179 45 44 85 80 133 132 142 134 117 178 167 55 40 63 66 13 100 116 105 22 174 173 51 122 77 72 91 12 127 111 172 156 37 46 42 5 60 87 152 123 107 16 169 43 30 26 154 11 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 180) 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 175 176 177 178 179 2/15 135 58 45 122 104 0 107 142 4 87 5 32 37 146 115 2 19 59 111 164 39 69 179 64 148 149 141 24 52 61 100 99 154 38 44 110 11 18 48 80 162 167 132 158 84 71 20 16 30 21 108 70 36 153 161 46 120 155 170 81 53 129 89 166 136 60 112 54 3/15 82 23 40 61 67 156 13 44 29 85 27 170 103 145 136 49 95 19 137 106 158 14 62 102 99 15 43 127 144 45 5 165 167 161 111 93 71 52 92 73 38 35 168 110 58 173 150 57 12 134 2 105 10 59 176 46 159 77 72 120 50 141 148 70 74 64 47 138 4/15 124 156 148 32 116 79 4 46 91 102 168 47 8 165 172 59 145 152 7 68 162 161 39 123 95 146 15 52 149 109 105 173 93 65 88 1 154 57 38 75 11 132 115 108 76 62 74 143 160 23 120 37 171 42 136 33 53 144 17 31 29 30 167 178 19 55 150 82 5/15 110 59 94 130 4 1 5 11 2 150 118 17 12 167 15 39 76 10 61 117 6 103 169 26 89 48 49 122 168 64 82 137 113 144 29 99 79 165 91 71 111 179 114 112 37 24 69 102 63 126 38 172 43 72 158 67 81 142 18 21 154 19 66 75 100 25 106 33 6/15 127 149 142 87 125 82 51 40 161 103 169 133 54 62 30 13 105 32 33 2 17 46 75 3 20 165 84 50 101 107 151 137 179 170 63 58 11 10 91 153 65 53 44 77 173 109 8 61 29 35 108 150 175 129 26 178 135 158 155 122 80 99 23 139 128 112 104 123 7/15 85 81 120 88 61 44 60 57 55 103 105 49 48 99 51 45 102 101 80 176 72 178 177 174 77 73 172 110 115 20 116 109 112 25 161 63 69 65 142 136 138 140 97 94 137 150 129 128 146 131 132 152 134 149 31 14 32 27 35 16 17 29 28 3 165 167 1 164 8/15 30 125 173 109 8 115 82 79 2 128 144 121 57 41 52 94 110 45 65 38 19 43 20 23 149 147 108 60 138 157 155 96 143 126 90 93 160 152 141 127 81 64 67 92 33 97 88 40 10 9 136 32 123 158 58 83 166 27 139 163 99 165 53 31 153 151 142 25 9/15 37 59 52 38 36 70 47 64 45 143 97 139 133 102 136 140 94 92 100 138 96 105 98 141 95 134 142 116 121 0 108 119 125 14 17 1 6 120 82 85 146 150 89 74 81 83 78 161 75 151 149 159 155 77 33 178 35 25 169 26 166 165 20 29 163 22 174 173 10/15  68 87 80 20 22 26 28 49 63 35 72 91 116 166 98 94 92 7 43 61 2 10 0 114 84 8 110 53 172 124 93 119 111 59 44 173 73 39 164 140 42 160 109 120 69 52 96 129 99 33 75 128 153 158 108 142 141 178 125 5 126 31 171 11 150 149 3 155 11/15  98 114 83 15 73 117 157 10 162 21 50 131 20 127 126 164 68 22 39 92 6 103 31 159 80 87 100 133 130 95 37 30 115 29 94 77 71 116 53 72 42 24 149 96 165 143 161 144 106 170 150 44 156 176 122 175 160 174 166 178 177 132 112 0 136 138 155 152 12/15  116 89 115 72 147 148 11 52 33 93 174 146 14 1 53 100 55 50 20 4 75 49 70 56 41 43 173 108 7 77 129 113 155 169 22 122 131 154 152 150 23 12 76 118 135 171 68 111 87 61 137 105 101 107 65 30 51 90 36 157 9 144 117 124 132 104 16 145 13/15  95 90 106 151 170 171 57 48 73 126 20 118 31 50 145 82 9 10 24 34 79 76 141 14 153 129 166 78 97 104 114 25 119 19 0 36 110 158 168 177 41 52 147 86 7 138 53 58 81 68 99 98 15 115 61 6 93 102 125 131 176 144 33 139 120 121 157 175

Further, the following Table 26 shows that the LDPC information bits are encoded according to the code rate of 2/15, 3/15, 4/15, 5/15, 6/15, 7/15, 8/15, 9/15, 10/15, 11/15, 12/15, and 13/15 to generate the LDPC codeword having a length of 64800 and when being modulated by the 4096-QAM, shows the group interleaving pattern used to define the π(j).

TABLE 26 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 180) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 2/15 14 129 71 96 171 36 144 64 162 4 86 128 113 7 118 158 126 17 55 45 111 138 84 6 52 167 38 20 154 15 146 116 63 1 114 83 124 109 39 75 123 57 99 34 147 166 56 155 176 95 102 119 161 37 159 97 87 103 179 172 66 59 8 145 88 132 110 54 47 153 24 19 53 136 48 76 35 151 173 149 142 160 94 117 60 135 168 23 100 134 90 98 125 85 137 81 41 156 139 93 46 12 175 130 51 178 92 115 174 27 70 58 3/15 136 20 44 36 17 120 89 142 66 35 42 116 14 119 175 41 145 100 131 173 179 16 77 112 40 58 23 82 79 137 53 96 33 70 19 38 121 90 118 126 165 109 134 177 139 3 113 172 9 50 138 61 93 94 88 132 101 155 95 54 85 13 39 15 76 130 97 110 174 72 28 160 149 133 104 81 69 84 4 6 147 48 115 169 171 135 52 5 141 65 75 163 43 144 167 159 129 46 32 18 51 87 114 64 22 164 24 123 27 62 124 152 4/15 91 52 36 30 35 6 121 29 150 47 163 2 89 39 129 10 9 15 162 21 171 43 44 132 158 104 4 72 161 88 148 42 160 109 100 126 138 108 38 25 3 112 178 68 26 130 140 115 152 139 37 22 102 14 118 11 93 7 79 5 137 165 59 77 55 80 117 13 173 144 142 27 136 18 111 175 123 147 114 19 125 166 149 113 170 128 97 16 60 110 156 45 82 105 62 99 23 92 116 75 127 81 67 179 174 70 12 58 87 176 0 51 5/15 146 89 57 16 164 138 91 78 90 66 122 12 9 157 56 61 168 18 161 95 99 139 22 65 130 166 118 150 88 47 0 58 105 43 80 64 107 21 55 151 8 145 3 13 34 160 102 125 114 152 84 32 97 33 60 62 127 132 104 53 162 103 120 54 155 116 48 77 76 73 143 178 108 39 140 106 40 5 25 81 176 101 124 126 170 35 175 137 15 24 69 96 30 117 67 171 149 169 131 85 110 94 135 172 148 50 154 42 70 115 26 83 6/15 66 21 51 55 117 24 33 12 70 63 47 65 145 8 56 2 43 64 58 67 53 68 61 39 52 69 1 22 25 44 136 29 36 26 126 177 62 37 148 9 13 45 178 28 34 106 127 76 131 105 138 75 130 101 167 54 143 81 32 96 3 78 107 86 98 16 162 150 111 158 144 151 90 11 156 100 175 83 155 159 128 88 87 93 141 129 146 122 73 112 132 125 174 169 168 79 84 118 104 134 82 95 133 164 154 120 110 170 114 153 72 109 7/15 59 60 0 48 87 30 29 146 142 8 150 171 20 121 108 165 174 16 85 58 43 161 34 13 92 79 82 175 120 61 73 104 10 38 45 7 173 75 24 77 137 21 140 64 117 158 114 136 112 31 70 134 163 98 91 33 40 66 170 41 74 138 99 179 81 157 32 19 26 62 55 164 153 155 14 42 149 127 133 83 96 139 89 36 101 44 49 177 88 11 105 151 12 132 25 128 119 65 56 124 17 141 72 9 28 5 110 100 47 80 169 116 8/15 77 48 82 51 57 69 65 6 71 90 84 81 50 88 18 38 89 49 93 36 64 47 40 42 76 70 56 3 87 67 86 10 1 58 17 14 175 91 68 85 94 15 83 46 44 102 30 112 122 110 29 20 105 138 101 174 28 26 45 24 23 21 157 98 35 95 22 32 103 27 159 155 179 160 161 130 123 172 139 124 153 0 109 167 148 158 129 163 176 151 171 8 106 144 150 169 108 162 142 104 115 135 121 100 12 170 156 126 5 127 154 97 9/15 67 79 72 175 1 92 63 65 36 73 18 3 43 78 91 93 54 58 60 2 19 66 44 85 48 0 50 166 39 141 34 74 33 45 99 46 10 69 94 101 56 9 62 100 13 32 88 57 127 53 68 146 61 7 107 71 126 87 22 47 27 171 102 6 132 77 90 38 167 4 159 42 110 21 105 148 142 134 23 117 122 160 12 154 155 178 138 176 147 121 136 165 170 133 149 150 174 168 173 112 144 172 123 137 16 120 131 111 135 163 17 130 10/15  36 21 117 71 38 108 42 61 13 88 97 68 2 67 78 31 18 103 39 119 25 40 28 72 11 73 86 131 93 56 69 96 35 57 116 130 55 74 41 169 54 14 101 8 115 118 85 48 112 80 90 32 173 76 33 16 7 110 99 53 133 70 87 106 145 4 113 27 59 34 155 136 94 43 49 152 161 66 3 121 135 147 17 157 177 134 143 176 179 105 172 47 146 160 23 175 141 91 151 125 139 150 15 129 162 120 166 156 62 158 178 128 11/15  77 97 3 44 119 72 83 116 40 0 111 8 68 43 76 89 118 70 87 15 67 22 59 95 46 38 125 48 80 63 62 45 9 25 114 19 82 54 150 121 130 123 101 78 5 128 148 57 12 107 36 2 109 52 39 66 144 10 94 64 100 86 71 27 30 32 110 33 113 131 41 117 69 172 96 149 127 124 173 13 74 105 53 161 145 170 135 158 154 162 7 169 99 106 137 165 143 4 176 179 142 11 177 153 151 159 132 20 164 6 157 178 12/15  110 16 64 100 55 70 48 26 60 71 93 1 59 88 92 9 35 37 113 101 111 8 52 56 19 134 151 84 22 116 172 38 95 36 46 141 114 4 106 149 85 86 47 123 39 10 148 43 131 147 45 143 5 108 81 2 17 30 32 156 133 78 91 161 104 174 53 61 50 74 102 20 167 99 122 117 24 98 115 124 42 7 79 75 129 142 107 73 175 14 83 150 165 118 89 130 15 163 145 0 178 155 157 179 144 158 152 13 25 176 162 169 13/15  87 50 6 42 82 54 96 0 62 124 109 126 23 64 128 107 7 28 14 125 136 154 10 92 99 84 86 151 35 61 102 132 95 70 40 129 101 36 51 150 142 152 112 113 57 77 32 93 49 58 117 78 1 149 37 11 91 46 146 21 143 44 110 75 138 16 76 45 114 144 71 115 105 90 56 25 103 147 73 60 47 118 27 69 3 164 106 134 5 67 80 141 120 98 155 8 156 162 127 22 173 157 171 178 158 17 174 179 167 12 172 166 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 180) 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 175 176 177 178 179 2/15 105 131 2 133 106 79 11 152 26 101 31 120 5 112 74 69 121 9 49 30 21 40 43 77 157 44 13 68 122 163 89 61 107 22 10 127 25 32 73 42 148 150 28 91 18 169 165 141 80 67 170 164 82 65 50 3 29 16 72 177 0 78 62 33 104 140 108 143 3/15 117 29 47 125 11 158 74 25 37 168 106 83 34 49 122 2 157 107 154 140 10 178 143 92 63 176 146 105 151 170 86 12 1 7 56 59 150 55 73 99 111 162 26 21 156 127 161 71 68 80 91 98 8 57 31 30 166 0 148 128 102 103 60 78 108 67 153 45 4/15 65 157 64 122 101 40 84 69 90 169 177 103 76 28 78 53 1 151 17 124 155 172 134 86 119 94 145 98 154 61 146 164 107 131 159 63 85 153 66 106 49 34 48 41 143 46 31 141 120 57 74 8 20 96 32 50 73 56 167 95 24 168 33 135 83 133 54 71 5/15 14 68 112 128 74 45 28 87 158 49 142 44 36 1 121 6 46 29 163 7 98 123 17 11 153 136 52 79 37 129 38 165 71 75 59 144 113 119 179 177 41 19 92 109 31 72 111 4 173 156 134 86 174 2 63 23 20 167 27 147 51 10 82 141 100 133 93 159 6/15 0 57 23 71 59 14 40 42 15 31 161 38 30 19 17 18 4 41 46 152 50 49 27 77 60 35 48 173 113 108 92 135 124 121 97 149 172 139 74 142 166 7 5 119 20 103 94 140 165 6 137 157 10 85 179 147 91 160 163 115 89 80 102 171 176 99 116 123 7/15 23 122 144 76 162 106 50 39 63 86 69 68 15 113 84 118 27 93 37 46 3 6 168 148 109 123 103 115 95 176 154 107 97 131 111 129 172 78 160 57 22 159 51 135 2 125 130 143 147 67 18 102 94 35 145 4 54 90 71 167 166 1 156 53 152 52 126 178 8/15 61 55 53 73 39 13 79 75 41 72 2 54 52 145 19 78 80 63 43 74 60 66 37 92 4 9 16 33 137 136 131 166 59 34 62 125 113 31 119 173 168 118 120 114 149 128 107 117 147 177 96 164 152 11 143 111 141 133 178 134 146 99 132 140 116 165 7 25 9/15 5 40 82 20 15 76 28 84 59 89 41 24 83 75 55 64 52 98 97 96 37 14 31 70 106 113 80 51 161 81 49 86 95 103 30 25 35 26 118 140 104 128 179 124 109 114 156 151 145 169 11 139 177 129 125 116 115 164 29 119 153 157 162 152 108 8 158 143 10/15  50 64 95 63 100 9 82 51 45 84 111 24 58 60 81 37 89 1 26 65 83 165 107 0 52 144 75 77 164 104 46 20 98 109 29 114 5 102 148 142 79 19 44 159 174 30 153 154 137 168 92 149 171 10 140 163 132 6 126 124 12 170 167 127 22 122 123 138 11/15  24 102 49 92 65 31 93 60 17 58 140 104 73 47 14 120 1 50 37 55 23 98 81 122 103 85 126 115 42 156 90 51 91 29 84 18 35 34 112 26 108 16 61 56 75 146 174 79 88 28 129 134 139 136 175 138 133 171 168 147 167 141 163 21 166 155 160 152 12/15  97 136 67 94 90 72 49 23 41 126 159 63 44 65 139 31 57 103 66 51 121 105 109 87 6 135 127 140 120 132 76 58 137 18 29 125 77 33 171 138 28 69 112 119 12 128 82 68 80 3 11 54 96 40 34 166 173 146 168 153 154 177 62 164 27 21 160 170 13/15  53 20 41 111 145 135 68 2 122 108 24 94 148 29 123 13 88 52 121 131 116 97 104 31 59 137 83 100 85 79 72 66 130 18 63 55 119 38 140 65 30 133 153 33 89 9 74 48 19 39 43 34 81 139 163 165 26 161 168 176 159 170 4 160 177 169 175 15

Further, the following Table 27 shows that the LDPC information bits are encoded according to the code rate of 2/15, 3/15, 4/15, 5/15, 6/15, 7/15, 8/15, 9/15, 10/15, 11/15, 12/15, and 13/15 to generate the LDPC codeword having a length of 16200 and when being modulated by the QPSK, shows the group interleaving pattern used to define the π(j).

TABLE 27 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 44) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 2/15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 3/15 15 27 22 39 34 29 19 33 7 8 17 2 28 40 43 21 30 20 32 36 14 44 1 12 11 37 0 13 3 35 9 6 10 31 38 26 24 16 4 25 23 42 18 5 41 4/15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 5/15 35 21 7 5 29 13 11 34 14 37 32 23 38 15 28 36 20 18 17 42 25 16 39 33 19 31 4 27 1 22 12 3 10 6 30 40 0 24 44 41 43 9 2 26 8 6/15 7 0 27 25 31 34 17 8 15 18 20 22 1 24 33 26 32 2 36 38 40 42 4 5 30 13 9 10 11 12 16 19 21 23 35 29 6 14 28 3 37 39 41 43 44 7/15 3 1 18 22 9 17 13 10 8 16 0 2 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 7 4 21 6 5 14 15 20 19 12 11 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 44 8/15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 9/15 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 44 10/15  1 0 3 4 2 6 8 7 5 21 23 16 13 10 12 15 18 9 19 11 17 22 20 14 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 11/15  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 12/15  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 13/15  26 25 10 7 12 5 38 37 28 27 15 4 0 16 44 43 34 33 24 23 14 2 8 18 40 39 30 29 20 19 13 6 42 41 32 31 22 21 11 3 9 17 36 35 1

Further, the following Table 28 shows that the LDPC information bits are encoded according to the code rate of 2/15, 3/15, 4/15, 5/15, 6/15, 7/15, 8/15, 9/15, 10/15, 11/15, 12/15, and 13/15 to generate the LDPC codeword having a length of 16200 and when being modulated by the 16-QAM, shows the group interleaving pattern used to define the π(j).

TABLE 28 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 44) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 2/15 5 23 13 32 33 27 0 1 18 4 15 3 8 7 42 41 29 6 17 37 10 24 2 9 21 44 20 25 14 38 12 19 30 31 40 22 26 34 39 16 11 43 35 28 36 3/15 18 19 35 32 16 37 33 20 5 2 4 40 29 27 17 25 26 3 30 8 43 10 31 34 23 15 21 38 6 36 9 28 1 39 11 14 24 22 41 44 7 12 0 13 42 4/15 34 40 18 14 3 27 30 4 19 10 32 31 35 7 33 20 25 43 29 39 2 21 22 42 17 28 12 11 36 15 13 9 26 6 5 16 38 1 23 41 0 37 44 8 24 5/15 3 21 22 15 33 44 13 5 39 37 12 18 2 8 28 9 38 34 26 36 29 20 43 6 0 1 30 19 10 4 14 32 25 31 16 40 17 11 23 41 7 42 24 35 27 6/15 12 27 9 6 17 10 18 8 14 36 40 13 25 4 32 3 33 5 16 0 37 41 15 11 31 7 1 19 28 29 20 38 42 30 34 22 21 26 2 35 23 24 39 43 44 7/15 19 16 14 20 12 31 36 0 5 7 8 3 17 10 15 22 13 24 9 35 28 18 32 29 6 40 23 44 37 4 26 11 1 38 33 2 39 34 43 42 21 41 25 30 27 8/15 36 20 37 43 5 35 4 14 22 10 2 34 26 17 38 32 1 41 44 25 13 30 0 40 3 15 18 12 33 21 19 16 9 42 8 24 6 29 31 39 23 11 28 27 7 9/15 4 5 22 36 26 16 7 40 33 21 8 6 30 12 37 14 13 10 17 31 3 9 19 20 15 38 34 18 25 41 23 27 29 2 11 0 39 35 42 43 24 32 28 1 44 10/15  27 18 19 2 11 25 44 40 20 28 24 30 1 6 37 36 7 13 4 39 5 17 31 43 29 0 8 21 35 23 32 3 9 16 14 22 10 41 42 26 34 15 12 33 38 11/15  2 13 3 10 29 20 15 27 17 26 18 4 7 22 9 11 21 1 30 28 31 19 41 0 5 36 25 35 6 33 23 38 42 8 24 32 37 16 34 14 12 40 39 43 44 12/15  3 20 33 41 6 37 40 38 7 21 5 17 27 4 8 25 2 14 44 43 23 11 34 35 10 42 18 36 30 16 0 13 22 9 32 39 28 15 29 12 24 26 19 1 31 13/15  12 29 25 9 6 16 15 2 10 26 21 7 13 0 1 33 11 4 24 8 36 31 20 32 17 41 28 39 23 22 19 37 3 43 30 18 42 14 40 5 38 34 27 35 44

Further, the following Table 29 shows that the LDPC information bits are encoded according to the code rate of 2/15, 3/15, 4/15, 5/15, 6/15, 7/15, 8/15, 9/15, 10/15, 11/15, 12/15, and 13/15 to generate the LDPC codeword having a length of 16200 and when being modulated by the 64-QAM, shows the group interleaving pattern used to define the π(j).

TABLE 29 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 44) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 2/15 7 43 44 12 3 22 11 15 32 6 31 30 4 26 0 36 20 39 38 18 5 21 16 13 19 14 35 33 40 24 25 9 10 37 23 17 2 29 1 34 41 42 28 8 27 3/15 19 36 11 17 1 21 34 7 35 15 39 42 22 8 5 38 31 18 6 24 28 20 41 14 29 16 13 0 44 32 25 27 4 26 30 10 23 43 3 12 9 2 37 33 40 4/15 41 15 23 43 35 19 34 30 17 7 4 18 32 31 1 29 14 36 37 22 40 33 28 10 5 25 44 16 21 38 8 42 12 11 3 26 13 20 6 0 24 2 39 27 9 5/15 25 7 43 27 19 5 44 0 21 18 20 35 8 12 26 17 32 30 39 4 13 34 36 22 37 31 28 3 40 15 2 33 29 42 9 16 11 38 1 10 41 6 24 23 14 6/15 31 28 0 11 10 8 22 12 15 6 4 7 5 9 39 38 17 40 13 14 44 32 23 37 2 25 36 16 30 27 42 3 1 35 34 24 41 20 26 18 33 19 21 29 43 7/15 2 38 18 15 6 17 4 14 40 16 19 7 1 8 10 24 20 9 31 13 23 0 29 27 43 32 5 22 37 28 41 25 26 39 11 42 35 30 3 36 33 34 44 12 21 8/15 36 22 21 35 4 37 6 23 1 16 34 30 2 25 19 5 15 39 20 13 26 29 42 24 43 0 8 40 32 41 17 10 14 11 28 3 33 7 31 9 18 38 27 12 44 9/15 21 3 9 7 6 34 13 5 17 15 18 19 31 4 43 11 25 20 8 33 24 38 37 44 35 22 30 26 40 10 14 16 29 32 36 1 41 27 0 28 42 2 23 12 39 10/15  14 38 29 43 9 31 22 10 16 34 35 21 18 0 39 33 40 41 11 5 13 27 32 44 28 12 23 15 30 3 26 24 8 7 20 42 2 17 25 1 36 6 19 37 4 11/15  31 3 6 22 42 41 20 17 19 27 2 0 21 24 8 14 37 36 25 5 15 23 44 7 4 10 13 34 39 40 16 12 11 26 33 38 9 28 29 18 35 1 30 32 43 12/15  17 26 20 5 24 3 11 0 28 8 6 36 14 32 27 13 1 30 7 29 39 38 9 40 31 22 37 18 16 35 10 33 15 23 44 43 2 12 4 34 21 42 25 19 41 13/15  9 6 25 18 39 28 7 21 32 5 43 33 15 17 34 27 41 22 10 14 23 29 42 16 11 20 2 3 40 19 12 26 4 38 44 24 13 8 31 36 1 0 30 35 37

Further, the following Table 30 shows that the LDPC information bits are encoded according to the code rate of 2/15, 3/15, 4/15, 5/15, 6/15, 7/15, 8/15, 9/15, 10/15, 11/15, 12/15, and 13/15 to generate the LDPC codeword having a length of 16200 and when being modulated by the 256-QAM, shows the group interleaving pattern used to define the π(j).

TABLE 30 Code Order of group-wise interleaving Rate π(j) (0 ≤ j < 44) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 2/15 31 6 21 13 10 11 27 43 3 4 19 30 35 22 37 39 38 18 42 26 28 16 25 36 9 15 20 14 44 29 41 7 34 1 12 2 23 40 5 24 32 17 33 8 0 3/15 5 27 41 8 39 28 3 18 22 16 21 7 40 13 24 33 23 1 12 19 43 15 36 30 26 4 2 44 35 37 38 14 29 25 6 42 10 32 11 9 34 20 0 17 31 4/15 38 41 37 15 22 31 16 42 20 14 8 19 26 36 18 13 0 30 4 32 10 21 17 40 34 44 9 23 12 24 29 1 33 7 43 5 3 11 35 28 2 25 6 39 27 5/15 4 5 21 31 40 9 11 12 23 0 27 1 24 22 10 41 3 2 39 34 43 36 17 15 6 7 42 20 25 30 32 14 18 26 38 37 33 35 13 19 16 8 44 29 28 6/15 17 2 12 0 15 13 3 4 6 9 25 11 26 7 30 24 22 16 31 28 14 18 38 32 19 21 5 36 34 8 1 10 33 27 20 37 23 39 35 29 40 41 42 43 44 7/15 13 15 30 6 7 37 38 2 16 8 20 19 24 23 42 22 4 14 35 17 9 32 34 43 12 0 21 26 27 40 25 33 44 3 10 39 5 31 36 28 1 18 11 41 29 8/15 41 1 39 7 18 28 9 37 2 13 43 44 22 29 0 27 12 11 36 20 24 19 30 32 6 26 23 8 40 14 25 31 33 10 42 38 4 5 35 34 21 3 15 17 16 9/15 5 12 24 18 25 33 30 35 7 3 13 19 26 31 37 29 9 43 14 17 20 28 27 2 22 6 11 16 23 39 32 42 10 4 15 41 21 36 34 0 1 8 40 38 44 10/15  28 2 14 17 8 21 29 31 20 3 36 10 26 23 32 35 18 30 7 6 42 5 37 34 38 19 0 33 24 40 44 22 39 4 25 15 11 41 43 1 16 27 9 13 12 11/15  8 16 25 27 32 13 3 2 23 30 0 10 21 26 28 11 14 31 1 15 9 24 12 18 29 4 20 19 22 17 36 33 7 35 39 37 34 5 6 38 40 41 42 43 44 12/15  28 22 27 25 30 33 5 18 21 26 3 12 29 4 36 17 10 2 39 6 38 35 0 13 15 14 20 7 16 9 41 24 8 1 34 40 43 32 37 42 31 23 19 11 44 13/15  9 6 21 30 27 33 42 43 13 1 15 24 5 0 3 37 10 14 4 28 18 16 40 44 7 12 36 29 17 23 39 26 11 8 25 20 22 31 41 2 19 38 32 35 34

Specifically, when the block deinterleaver 2721 performs the deinterleaving by the scheme according to one type, the group deinterleaver 2722 may reversely perform the interleaving schemes based on the above Tables 9 to 18 when the corresponding deinterleaving scheme matches the scheme defined in the Tables 19 and 20.

However, when the block deinterleaver 2721 performs the deinterleaving by the scheme according to one type, the group deinterleaver 2722 may reversely perform the interleaving schemes based on the above Tables 21 to 30 when the corresponding deinterleaving scheme does not match the scheme defined in the Tables 19 and 20.

For example, the case in which the block deinterleaver 2721 performs the deinterleaving by the scheme corresponding to the type A scheme is assumed.

Further, the case in which the LDPC information bits are encoded according to a code rate of 5/15 to generate the LDPC codeword having a length of 64800 and the LDPC codeword bits are modulated by the QPSK is assumed.

In this case, the block interleaver 423 interleaves bits according to the type A scheme.

Therefore, the block deinterleaver 2721 may perform the deinterleaving according to the type A scheme and the group deinterleaver 2722 may reversely perform the interleaving operation based on the above Table 9 to output the LLR values having the order before the group interleaving.

Meanwhile, the case in which the LDPC information bits are encoded according to a code rate of 5/15 to generate the LDPC codeword having a length of 64800 and the LDPC codeword bits are modulated by the 16-QAM is assumed.

In this case, the block interleaver 423 interleaves bits according to the type B scheme.

In this case, since the block deinterleaver 2721 performs the deinterleaving according to the type A scheme, the result of deinterleaving the LLR values according to the type A scheme is different from the result of deinterleaving the LLR values according to the type B scheme.

In this case, the group deinterleaver 2722 may reversely perform the interleaving operation based on the above Table 22 to deinterleave the LLR values.

That is, to output the same LLR value as the case in which the block deinterleaver 2721 performs the deinterleaving according to the type B scheme and the group deinterleaver 2722 performs the deinterleaving based on the above Table 10, the group deinterleaver 2722 may reversely perform the interleaving operation based on the above Table 22 to output the LLR values having the order before the group interleaving.

The parity deinterleaver 2723 performs the parity deinterleaving on the output value of the group deinterleaver 2722 and outputs it to the LDPC decoder 2730.

Specifically, the parity deinterleaver 2723 is a component corresponding to the parity interleaver 421 included in the transmitter 1000 and may reversely perform the interleaving operation performed by the parity interleaver 421.

That is, the parity deinterleaver 2723 may deinterleave the LLR values corresponding to the parity bits among the LLR values output from the group deinterleaver 2722. However, the parity deinterleaver 2723 may be omitted according to the decoding method and the implementation of the LDPC decoder 2730.

The LDPC decoder 2730 may perform the LDPC decoding based on the LLR value output from the parity deinterleaver 2723.

Specifically, the LDPC decoder 2730 is components corresponding to the LDPC encoder 410 of the transmitter 1000 and may perform the operation corresponding to the LDPC encoder 410. For this purpose, the receiver 2000 may pre-store information on parameters used to perform the LDPC encoding in the transmitter 1000.

For example, the LDPC decoder 2730 may perform the LDPC decoding based on the LLR valued output from the parity deinterleaver 2723 based on the iterative decoding scheme based on a sum-product algorithm and output the information bits error-corrected depending on the LDPC decoding.

However, in some cases, when the transmitter 1000 outer-encodes the information bits before the LDPC encoding, the receiver 2000 may further include an outer decoder (not shown) for correcting an error on the information bits using the parity check bits included in the LDPC information bits recovered depending on the LDPC decoding.

FIG. 34 is a flow chart for describing a repetition method according to an exemplary embodiment.

First, the parity bits are generated by encoding the input bits (S3410).

Next, the number of bits punctured in the parity bits is calculated and the parity bits are punctured based on the calculated number of bits (S3420).

Further, at least some bits are selected from the LDPC codewords including the input bits and the parity bits based on the repetition pattern and the selected some bits are added after the parity bits (S3430). Here, the repetition pattern is a pattern for selecting the repeated bit group among the plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword.

Meanwhile, in step S3340, when the calculated number N_(punc) of punctured bits is a positive integer, the bits as many as the number calculated in the parity bits are punctured and when the calculated number N_(punc) of punctured bits is a negative integer, the puncturing is not performed.

In this case, in step S3420, when the N_(punc) is a negative integer, −N_(punc) bits are determined as the number of repeated bits and the bits as many as the determined number may be selected in the LDPC codeword.

Specifically, the number N_(rep) of bit groups formed of bits in which all the bits are repeated among the plurality of bit groups configuring the LDPC codeword may be calculated based on above Equation 4.

Further, the repetition pattern may be defined in above Table 1.

In this case, in step S3430, the bits included in the π_(R)(0)-th bit group, the π_(R)(1)-th bit group, . . . , the π_(R)(N_(rep)−1)-th bit group among the plurality of bit groups may be selected as the repeated bits and the N_(repeat)−360×N_(rep) bits from the first bit of the π_(R)(N_(rep))-th bit group may be additionally selected as the repeated bits based on the repetition patter.

Meanwhile, the detailed repetition method is described above.

Meanwhile, a non-transitory computer readable medium in which a program sequentially executing the repetition method according to the present disclosure is stored may be provided.

The non-transitory computer readable medium in which a program performing the method for generating an additional parity according to the above exemplary embodiments is stored may be provided. The non-transitory computer readable medium is not a medium that stores data therein for a while, such as a register, a cache, a memory, or the like, but means a medium that at least semi-permanently stores data therein and is readable by a device such as a microprocessor. In detail, various applications or programs described above may be stored and provided in the non-transitory computer readable medium such as a compact disk (CD), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a hard disk, a Blu-ray disk, a universal serial bus (USB), a memory card, a read only memory (ROM), or the like.

At least one of the components, elements, modules or units represented by a block as illustrated in FIGS. 1, 3, 4, 10, 11, and 20-33 may be embodied as various numbers of hardware, software and/or firmware structures that execute respective functions described above, according to an exemplary embodiment. For example, at least one of these components, elements, modules or units may use a direct circuit structure, such as a memory, a processor, a logic circuit, a look-up table, etc. that may execute the respective functions through controls of one or more microprocessors or other control apparatuses. Also, at least one of these components, elements, modules or units may be specifically embodied by a module, a program, or a part of code, which contains one or more executable instructions for performing specified logic functions, and executed by one or more microprocessors or other control apparatuses. Also, at least one of these components, elements, modules or units may further include a processor such as a central processing unit (CPU) that performs the respective functions, a microprocessor, or the like. Two or more of these components, elements, modules or units may be combined into one single component, element, module or unit which performs all operations or functions of the combined two or more components, elements, modules or units. Also, at least part of functions of at least one of these components, elements, modules or units may be performed by another of these components, elements, modules or units. Further, although a bus is not illustrated in the above block diagrams, communication between the components, elements, modules or units may be performed through the bus. Functional aspects of the above exemplary embodiments may be implemented in algorithms that execute on one or more processors. Furthermore, the components, elements, modules or units represented by a block or processing steps may employ any number of related art techniques for electronics configuration, signal processing and/or control, data processing and the like.

Although the exemplary embodiments of inventive concept have been illustrated and described hereinabove, the inventive concept is not limited to the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments, but may be variously modified by those skilled in the art to which the inventive concept pertains without departing from the scope and spirit of the inventive concept as disclosed in the accompanying claims. For example, the exemplary embodiments are described in relation with BCH encoding and decoding and LDPC encoding and decoding. However, these embodiments do not limit the inventive concept to only a particular encoding and decoding, and instead, the inventive concept may be applied to different types of encoding and decoding with necessary modifications. These modifications should also be understood to fall within the scope of the inventive concept. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A television (TV) broadcasting signal transmitting apparatus for transmitting signaling information for TV broadcasting, the TV broadcasting transmitting apparatus comprising: an encoder which encodes input bits to generate a codeword comprising the input bits and parity bits, wherein the input bits are based on the signaling information; a puncturer which calculates a number of bits to be punctured and punctures bits among the parity bits according to the calculated number; a repeater which selects bits to be repeated among the codeword based on a repetition pattern, and appends the selected bits to non-punctured parity bits among the codeword; a mapper which maps the input bits, the appended bits and the non-punctured parity bits onto constellation points; a signal generator configured to generate a TV broadcasting signal based on the constellation points; and a transmitter which transmits the TV broadcasting signal, wherein the codeword comprises a plurality of bit groups, wherein the repetition pattern comprises bit group indices for selecting at least one bit group comprising the bits to be repeated among the plurality of bit groups, and wherein a number of the bits to be repeated is determined based on the number of the bits to be punctured.
 2. The TV broadcasting signal transmitting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the puncturer punctures the parity bits as many as the calculated number (N_(punc)) of the bits to be punctured in the parity bits when N_(punc) is a positive integer and does not perform the puncturing when N_(punc) is a negative integer.
 3. The TV broadcasting signal transmitting apparatus of claim 2, wherein the repeater determines −N_(punc) bits as the number of the bits to be repeated when N_(punc) is a negative integer, and selects bits as many as the determined number from the codeword as the bits to be repeated in the codeword.
 4. The TV broadcasting signal transmitting apparatus of claim 3, wherein the repeater calculates a number N_(rep) of bit groups, of which all bits are to be repeated, from among the plurality of bit groups configuring the codeword based on a following equation: π_(R)(j) π_(R)(0) π_(R)(1)  π_(R)(2)  π_(R)(3)  π_(R)(4)  π_(R)(5)  π_(R)(6)  π_(R)(7)  π_(R)(8)  π_(R)(9) π_(R)(10) π_(R)(11) π_(R)(12) π_(R)(13) π_(R)(14) π_(R)(15) π_(R)(16) π_(R)(17)  π_(R)(18) π_(R)(19) π_(R)(20) π_(R)(21) . . . 5 6 0 1 3 7 8 2 10 9 11 0 1 2 3 22 31 15 4 5 6 7 . . .

where N_(repeat) represents the bits to be repeated by the repeater, and N_(repeat)=−N_(punc).
 5. The TV broadcasting signal transmitting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the repetition pattern specifies that bit groups are to be repeated in an order of 5^(th), 6^(th), 0^(th), 1^(st), 3^(rd), 7^(th), 8^(th), 2^(nd), 10^(th), 9^(th), 11^(th), 0^(th), 1^(st), 2^(nd), 3^(rd), 22^(nd), 31^(st), 15^(th), 4^(th), 5^(th), 6^(th), and 7^(th) bit groups among the plurality of bit groups.
 6. The TV broadcasting signal transmitting apparatus of claim 5, wherein the repeater selects bits included in a π_(R)(0)-th bit group, a π_(R)(1)-th bit group, . . . , a π_(R)(Nrep−1)-th bit group among the plurality of bit groups as at least a part of the bits to be repeated, based on the repetition pattern.
 7. The TV broadcasting signal transmitting apparatus of claim 6, wherein the repeater selects N_(repeat)−360×N_(rep) bits from a first bit of the π_(R)(Nrep)-th bit group as another part of the bits to be repeated.
 8. A TV broadcasting signal transmission method of a transmitting apparatus for transmitting signaling information for TV broadcasting, the method comprising: encoding input bits to generate a codeword comprising the input bits and parity bits, wherein the input bits are based on the signaling information; calculating a number of bits to be punctured and puncturing bits among the parity bits according to the calculated number; selecting bits to be repeated among the codeword based on a repetition pattern, and appending the selected bits to non-punctured parity bits among the codeword; and mapping the input bits, the appended bits and the non-punctured parity bits onto constellation points; generating a TV broadcasting signal based on the constellation points; and transmitting, using a transmitter, the TV broadcasting signal, wherein the repetition pattern comprises bit group indices for selecting at least one bit group comprising the bits to be repeated among a plurality of bit groups, wherein a number of the bits to be repeated is determined based on the number of the bits to be punctured.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein in the puncturing, when the calculated number (N_(punc)) of bits to be punctured is a positive integer, the parity bits as many as N_(punc) are punctured, and when N_(punc) is a negative integer, the puncturing is not performed.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein in the appending, when N_(punc) is a negative integer, −N_(punc) bits are determined as the number of the bits to be repeated, and bits as many as the determined number are selected from the codeword as the bits to be repeated in the codeword.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein in the appending, a number N_(rep) of bit groups, of which all bits are to be repeated, from among the plurality of bit groups configuring the codeword is calculated based on a following equation: ${N_{rep} = \left\lfloor \frac{N_{repeat}}{360} \right\rfloor},$ where N_(repeat) represents the bits to be repeated, and N_(repeat)=−N_(punc).
 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the repetition pattern specifies that bit groups are to be repeated in an order of 5^(th), 6^(th), 0^(th), 1^(st), 3^(rd), 7^(th), 8^(th), 2^(nd), 10^(th), 9^(th), 11^(th), 0^(th), 1^(st), 2^(nd), 3^(rd), 22^(nd), 31^(st), 15^(th), 4^(th), 5^(th), 6^(th), and 7^(th) bit groups among the plurality of bit groups.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein in the appending, bits included in a π_(R)(0)-th bit group, a π_(R)(1)-th bit group, . . . , a π_(R)(Nrep−1)-th bit group among the plurality of bit groups are selected as at least a part of the bits to be repeated, based on the repetition pattern.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein in the appending, N_(repeat)−360×N_(rep) bits from a first bit of the π_(R)(Nrep)-th bit group are selected as another part of the bits to be repeated. 